Social Psychology CH 13, 14 Flashcards
Blank psychology studies how behavior, thoughts and feelings are affected by: the presence and behavior of others, social features of the situation, and beliefs about other people.
Social
This type of formation takes place in about 5 seconds. We need only thin slices of behavior to do this.
Impression formation
Once we form impressions about people and believe something about them other information is encoded to support what you believe is called blank.
Conformation Bias
Inferences about the causes of an observed behavior or event is called Blank.
Attribution
Blank attributions is belief that a specific behavior is due to stable characteristcs (personality) of the person.
Person
This type of attribution is a belief that a specific behavior is due to the characteristics of the current environment.
Situation
This is a tendency to attribute other people’s behavior to their personality or other stable characteristics rather than to the situation or context the person is in. This is learned over time, after age 8 and is pervasive in individualistic cultures but not collectivistic (stable role-oriented) cultures.
Fundamental Attribution Error (person bias)
Blank is your motivation to feel good about yourself. Self serving bias in attributions about your behavior.
Perception of Self
In perception of self, Blank is always related to your stable, personal characteristics and blank is attibuted to the context
positive outcomes
People have blank bias when they see themselves as better than average.
Systematic
people receive which type of feedback more? Positive or Negative?
Positive
This is happening when people feel obligated to return favors.
reciprocity norm
This is when a gift is given before making a reuqest; it’s effect is that it increases compliance. Large requests that are refused can increase compliance with a smaller request
pre-giving
People are motivated to avoid or minimize the discomfort from their attitudes, beliefs, or behavior not harmonizing.
Cognitive Dissonance
a public agreement to buy a product at a lower price increases the liklihood that they will buy it at a highter price.
low-ball tecnique
an agreement to a small request that shows commitment to a specific attitude increases compliance to a larger request consistent w/that attitude
foot-in-door tecnique
people are motivated to BLANK to what others are doing or thinking.
conform
blank is when you rely on the “wisdom” of the group when a situation is novel.
informational influence
this type of influence is adopting behaviors of the group to increase acceptance and feelings of closeness
normative
people are motivated to obey legitimate Blank.
authority
Blank are more likely to conform to authority.
Females
Physically attractive people are commonly judged as more intelligent, competent, sociable and moral than less attractive people. What is this called?
Attractiveness Bias
In a series of experiments conducted in the US and Korea, these types of adults were perceived as more naive, honest, helpless, kind and warm that mature faced adults of the same age and sex.
baby faced (baby face bias)
in experiments, people who met initially on the Blank liked each other more than people who initially met this way.
internet
face-to-face
the group against whom the comparison is made is called….
reference group
blank are the schemas we have about groups of people. These can be explicit (conscious) or implicit (unconscious).
stereotypes
Implicit stereotypes are measured through blank and implicit association tests.
priming
blank attitudes - those formed through direct experience or repeated associaions-influence behavior automatically.
implicit
early research suggested that blank attitudes correlate little if at all to actual behavior. subsequent research indicates that these attitutudes must be recalled and though about before they can affect behavior.
explicit
by using blank (if most people believe this it probobly is true) people can arrive at attitudes through superficial thought
heuristics
when we freely and with little incentive do something contrary to an attitude, we may alter the attitude to better fit the action. this is called the blank
insufficient justification effect
the presence of other can cause either improved performance, blank, or worsened performance, blank
social failitation
social interference
the presence of others leads to heightened drive and arousal, which - in line with Zajonc’s theory - improves performance on blank tasks and worsens performance on blank tasks
dominant
non-dominant
blank anxiety is at lease part of th cause of social interference
evaluation
pressure to perform well can lead to a decline in performance or blank
choking
becuase of blank we consciously or unconsciously modify our behavior in order to influence other’s perceptions of us
social pressure
public service messages can be made more effective if they portray the undesireable behavior as abnormal or blank
non-normative
the more bystanders present at an emergency the less likely any of them are to help. this may be a result from both blank and blank influences
informational and normative
when most or all of the people in a group initially agree, group discussion typically moves them toward a more extreme version of their initial view - a phenomenon called
group polorization
blank occurs when group members are more concerned with group cohesion and unanimity than with genuine appraisal of various approaches to a problem.
groupthink
