Abnormal Psychology CH 16, 17

Question 1

blank is the study of psychopathy (mental disorder).

Answer 1

abnormal psychology

Question 2

a psychological disfunction w/i an individual that is associated w/distress or impariment in functioning (in every day life) and a response that is not typical or culturally expected is blank

Answer 2

mental disorder

Question 3

in a blank model the theoretical cause is unconscious conflicts and the care is insight into unconscious conflicts (not very useful)

Answer 3

psychodynamic

Question 4

in this model, blank, the cause is lack of meaning or distortion of life experiences and the care is develop life meaning and mature relationships (not very useful)

Answer 4

phenominological

Question 5

this model’s cause is maladaptive learning and care is unlearning, learning or relearning

Answer 5

behavioral (environmental learning)

Question 6

in this model the cause is faulty thinking and the care is learn new ways of interpreting life experiences

Answer 6

cognitive

Question 7

This model explains organic disorders as a cause (problem in brain) and the care is medication, physical intervention and rest

Answer 7

biomedical (pysiological)

Question 8

DSM stands for the blank; 297 mental disorders in the fourth version

Answer 8

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

Question 9

The lifetime prevalence of mental disorders is blank and current prevalence rates are blank.

Answer 9

50% at sometime in their lifetime

18% currently diagnosed

Question 10

you must have at least two of theses sypmtoms to have Blank: delusion (100% belief in something despite evidence that it is not real); hallucinations; disorganized speech; grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior (all positive symptoms) or negative symptoms (affective flattening, alogia, avolition)

Answer 10

Schizophrenia

Question 11

Schizophrenia
Prevelence:
Age of onset:
Etiology:
Treatment:

Answer 11

1%;
late adolescence & early adulthood;
decreased dopamine functioning in prefrontal cortex and abnormal brain structure that are partially genetic;
antipsychotic medications and/or social skills training for stress reduction

Question 12

The prevalence of anxiety disorders is blank. These are associated with this sleep disorder.

Answer 12

29%

insomnia

Question 13

blank is the apprehensive anticipation of a future danger; threat of danger; causes inhibition of ongoing behavior, scanning for danger; septial and hypocampal area of limbic system & frontal cortex effected; leads to maladaptive anxiety symptom

Answer 13

anxiety disorder

Question 14

excessive uncontrolled anxiety and worry about many things for greater than 6 months is blank.

Answer 14

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Question 15

GAD
Prevelence:
Gender:
Etiology:
Treatment:

Answer 15

6%;
Female 60%>Male 40%;
hyperactive BIS (partially genetic);
benzodiazepines (short term only, very addictive), cognitive therapy

Question 16

recurrent, unexpected panic attack and worry about when they will happen

Answer 16

Panic disorder

Question 17

Panic Disorder
Prevelence:
Gender:
Etiology:
Treatment:

Answer 17

5%;
Female 66%>Male 33%;
overactive FFS & BIS (partially genetic) physical sensations are interpreted as signs of danger;
panic control therapy (PCT), cabon dioxide in high concentration

Question 18

obsessions: recurrent intrusive thoughts (contamination, doubt, numbers) that cause anxiety and are not worries about life problems is blank
compulsions: repetitive behaviors (hand washing, checking, counting) that reduce anxiety associated w/obsessions

Answer 18

obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

Question 19

obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
Prevelence:
Gender:
Etiology:
Treatment:

Answer 19

2%;
children male>female, adult male=female;
changes in basal ganglia & frontal cortex;
slective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or gradual exposure w/response prevention therapy

Question 20

this disorder effects the pleasure, incentive-reward, motivation energy & activation of a person. The prevelence is 21% and can be expressed as depression (hypoactive) or mania (hyperactive)

Answer 20

mood disorder

Question 21

in this mood disorder there are only depressive episodes (22% Female> 13% Male). in this other type there are both depressive and manic episodes (4% both male=female). This type of psychotherapy may be used. Brain alteration therapy, such as blank, may also be used.

Answer 21

unipolar mood disorder
bipolar mood disorder
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
electroconvulsive

Question 22

medication treatment for unipolar disorder is blank. for bipolar disorder use blank.

Answer 22

tricyclic anti-depressants or SSRIs

Lithium

Question 23

any characteristic of a person’s actions, thoughts, or feelings that could be a potential indicator of a mental disorder

Answer 23

symptom

Question 24

is a constellation of interrelated symptoms manifested by a given individual. according to DSM these three criteria must be met: it involves a clinically significant detriment, it derives from an internal source and it is not subject to voluntary control

Answer 24

syndrome

Question 25

blank are expressions of mental distress that are almost completely limited to specific cultural groups

Answer 25

culture-bound syndromes

Question 26

because labeling a person can have negative consequences labels should be applied to only the blank and not to the blank.

Answer 26

disorder | person

Question 27

a congenital disorder that appears in about 1 out of 800 newborn babies. it is an error in meiosis which results in an extra chromosome. causes damage to the brain.

Answer 27

down syndrome

Question 28

found primarily in the elderly, it occurs in about 1% of people in their sixties, 3% in their 70s, 12% in their 80s and 40% in their 90s. progressive deterioration in teh brains control of bodily functions.

Answer 28

alzheimer's disease

Question 29

this disorder must be linked to one or more emotionally traumatic incidents that the effected person has experienced. Most common in torture victims, conceptration camp surviviors, people who have been rapted or in other ways violently assuaalted, people who have survived dreadful accidents, and soldiers who have experienced the horrors of battle. Involves frightening, uncontrollable re-experiences of the traumatic events, n nightmare and daytime thoughts or flashbacks. Sleepiness, high arousal, irritability, guilt, emotional numbing and depression.

Answer 29

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Question 30

PTSD Prevelence: Etiology:

Answer 30

In US, up to 7% | genetic predispotion, repeated exposure to traumatic events and inadequate social support increase risk;

Question 31

blank is characterized by very sever symptoms that last essentially without remission for at least two weeks.

Answer 31

major depression

Question 32

blank is characterized by less severe symptoms that last for at least two years.

Answer 32

dysthymia

Question 33

prolonged sadness, self blank, a sense of worthlessness, and an absence of pleasure are the halmarks of blank

Answer 33

depression

Question 34

the same genes that predispose people for generalized blank also predispose them for blank. the two disorders often occur in the same person.

Answer 34

anxiety | depression

Question 35

according to the blank theory, a negative though pattern-which includes the attribution of negative experiences to stable, global causes-is a predisposing cause of depression

Answer 35

hopelessness

Question 36

blank depression may be adaptive, as exemplified by the different kinds of reactions brought on by dark winters, lost loved ones, and repeated failure

Answer 36

moderate

Question 37

blank episodes commonly involve expansive, euphoric feelings, high energy, extreme talkativeness, and abnormally high self-confidence

Answer 37

manic

Question 38

full blown blank involves poor judgement, bizarre thoughts, and self harmful or dangerous actions

Answer 38

mania

Question 39

in blank disorders-including somatization disorder and conversion disorder-individuals experience bodily ailments that originate from psychological distress rather than physical disease.

Answer 39

somatoform

Question 40

blank disorder-characterized by a history of dramatic complaints about vague aches and pains unrelated to know medical consitions-may be an alternative way of experiencing what others experience as depression.

Answer 40

somatization

Question 41

in blank disorder the person temorarily loses some bodily function (blindness or paralysis) for psychological reasons. rare in westurn cultures.

Answer 41

conversion

Question 42

this type of drug treats psychotic symptoms but does not cure people. all such druges decrease the effectivness of the neurotransmitter dopamine and the newer dugs also affect other neurotransmitters. all have unpleasant side effects, some quite serious.

Answer 42

antipsychotic

Question 43

blank drugs, in a chemical class called benzodiazepines, are used mainly for gereralized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. they increase inhibitory activity in the brain, thus reducing excitability; but they are addictive, have potentially harmful side effects and cause unpleasant withdrawal symptoms.

Answer 43

anxiety

Question 44

antidepressant drugs include blank and blank; the former prolong the action of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, while the latter affectonly serotonin. they are equally effective in treating depression but SSRIs have milder side effects and are therefore more often prescribed. the SSRIs are also used to treat anxiety disorders

Answer 44

tricyclics | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)