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PSYC112 > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Rousseau

A

Man by nature good and only institutions make him bad

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2
Q

Hobbes

A

Man by nature brutish, if not for civilizing constraints of society

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3
Q

Cognitive

A

How perception affects behaviour

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4
Q

Learning

A

On observable behaviour & ignore cognition

Responds based on prior learning

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5
Q

Motivational

A

Basic human needs

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6
Q

Biological

A

Evolutionary past & genetic disposition

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7
Q

Cultural

A

Affects on social behaviour

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8
Q

Freud basic human condition

A

Impulses controlled by society internalized during childhood
Conflict b/w instincts & demands

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9
Q

ID

A

Basic urges

Demand satisfaction now, regardless of consequences

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10
Q

EGO

A

Reality principle

Satisfy ID within societal norms

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11
Q

SUPEREGO

A

Internal rules of parents and society
If broken, punishment
ID repressed = other outlets

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12
Q

Displacement

A

Impulses redirected into safer course

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13
Q

Reaction formation

A

Original wish is supplanted the opposite

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14
Q

Projection

A

Urges are projected onto others

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15
Q

Isolation

A

Awareness of memories but not emotions

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16
Q

4 levels of explaination

A

Intra-personal
Inter-personal
Inter-group
Societal

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17
Q

Psyxhosexual stages of development

A 
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital
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18
Q

Phallic stage

A

Boys - oedipus complex

Girls - electra complex

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19
Q

Problems with Freud

A

Never studies children
Ideas no flasifiable (can’t be disproved)
Little experimental evidence

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20
Q

Freud experimental evidence

A

Data explained better via other studies

Experiments supporting Freud are flawed

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21
Q

Bogus experiment

A

Participants hooked to apparatus, can tell dishonesty

Little reason to lie

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22
Q

Electromyography

A

Measure facial muscles

Certain emotions = different facial muscles

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23
Q

LaPiere

A

Racist attitudes and behaviour
Chinese couple
Visited - 1 refused service
Wrote - 92% refused service

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24
Q

Attitude stability and change

A

Relatively stable
Inconsistency b/w attitude and behaviour
Can be changed by factors

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25
Q

Knox and Inkster

A

Those placed bets were more confident of winning

Behaviour irrevocable = change attitude

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26
Q

Himmelweit

A

No attitude change to capital punishment

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27
Q

Factors that change attitude

A

Source: credible, attractive
Message: quickly, without hesitation
Approached: on sunny days, when happy

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28
Q

Emotional appeal fear

A

Works when message evokes moderate-strong fear, provides ways to reduce threat

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29
Q

McAlister et al.

A

Rehearsal of counter-arguments

Less likely to engage with that behaviour

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30
Q

Attribution

A

People perception of the causes of an event affects what they do and how they feel

31
Q

Frey & Rogner

A

Accidents & injury
Internal and external blame
Pessimistic and optimistic = affect later life

32
Q

Motivational bias

A

Self-esteem - positive behaviour = increase and vis versa

Control - increased = success to internal characteristics

33
Q

Intrapersonal analysis

A

Analysis info and form attribution

34
Q

Conrospondence inference

A

Person’s personality = behaviour

35
Q

Covariation & configuration

Kelley

A

Consistency
Consensus
Distinctiveness

36
Q

Interpersonal

A

Face to face attributions

37
Q

Actor observer effect

A

Cause of own actions = external factors

Cause of others actions = internal factors

38
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Take credit for success, not failure

39
Q

Intergroup

A

Examine way members of different groups explain behaviour

40
Q

Hunter et al

A

Reasoning
Internal = external attributions
External = internal attributions

41
Q

Societal

Miller

A

Western = internal explainations

Non - western = external explaination

42
Q

Mcknight interpersonal relationships

A

83% ‘special partner’ met in familiar social settings

43
Q

Zajonc

A

Mere exposure effect

Repeated exposure = more appealing

44
Q

Mita et al

Repeated stimulus

A

70%
Prefer photo of own reversed mirror image
Prefer normal photo of friends

45
Q

Reis

A

Initial interaction negative = reinforced and dislike will occur

46
Q

Emotional arousal

A

Emotionally aroused = rate others more attractive

47
Q

White et al.

A

Men running on spot rated women more attractive

48
Q

Daffon & Aaron

A

Anticipating electric shocks rated oppo sex more attractive

49
Q

Wakil et al.

A

out of 32 traits
appearance
12th - men
22nd - women

50
Q

Green, Buchanan & Heuer

A

Dating service via photo matching

Looks = major determining factor

51
Q

Walter et al.

A

Blind date
Rated attractiveness by independent observers on arrival
Increase attractiveness = increase likelihood of being liked by date

52
Q

Men

Women

A

Physical

Psychological

53
Q

Benefits of attractiveness

A

Less aggressive

Increase chance of being hired

54
Q

Ravin & Rubin

A

More effort to revive D.O.A if attractive

55
Q

Cultural effects on attractiveness

Ingleby

A

Fat, diseased babies appealing in other cultures

56
Q

Similarity in partners

A

Attracted to people similar to themselves

Attitude, values, activities

57
Q

Kandel

A

BFs in HS = same age, race, academic grades

58
Q

Craddock

A

Married couples = same religion = happier

59
Q

Failed relationships

A

Women end ~60% of relationships
More distress in conflict
Better through separation

60
Q

Social facilitation

A

How the physical presence of others influence our behaviour

61
Q

Schmitt

A

Completing simple and complex tasks when others present
Simple - improved
Complex - decreased

62
Q

Zajone

A

Drive theory of facilitation
Presence = increase arousal
Dominant response = strengthened by arousal
Non-dominant = weaken by arousal

63
Q

Michaels et al.

A

Good player = accuracy increases

Bad players = accuracy decreases

64
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

Latane & Darley

A

Increase group size, decrease individual responsibility

65
Q

Mann

A

Surrounded = lose self-awareness and becomes anonymous

Disinhibit impulses

66
Q

Zimbardo

A

Anonymit = agression

Increase in anti-social behaviour

67
Q

Beamen et al

A

Increase self-awareness = decrease anti-social behaviour

68
Q

Conformity

A

Control = no mistakes
75% went along with majority
Answers given out loud

69
Q

Low status, shared identity

A

Resist oppression

70
Q

High status, shared identity

A

Brutality when promoted by tyrannical leader

71
Q

Minimal group paradigm

Tajfel et al.

A

Elict discrimination
Assigned arbitrarily
No self-interest
greater benefits chosen for own group

72
Q

Why 65% went to dangerous levels

A

Responsibility transferred to experimenter - legitimate authority figure
Begin with small punishments and progress greater
Social identity with experiment and experimenter
Experimenter’s directness, legitimacy

73
Q

Factors affecting obedience

A

Remoteness of victim
Closeness and legitimacy of authority figure
Diffusion of responsibility
Characteristics of teacher

PSYC112 (4 decks)

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