Social Psychology

Question 1

Self-Concept

Answer 1

is your view of your overall personality

Question 2

Self-Schema

Answer 2

a mental framework that organizes ideas about yourself to form your overall self-concept, they are more specific than self-concept

Question 3

Self-Efficacy

Answer 3

how effective you think you are • High self-efficacy = you think you are good at it • Low self-efficacy = you think you are bad at it

Question 4

Locus of Control

Answer 4

Internal locus of control: “I have control” External locus of control = “I don’t have control”

Question 5

Escape vs Avoidance

Answer 5

trying to get away from an unpredictable (it has to be unanticipated**) unpleasant experience Ex: pretending to be sick when a pop quiz is given VS. avoiding a predictable unpleasant stimulates Ex: pretending to be sick on the day of a big test

Question 6

Social Learning Theory (Social Cognitive Theory/ Observational Learning/Vicarious Learning)

Answer 6

We learn purely through observation of people around us (socially), who we are by observing other people around us

Question 7

Social Comparison Theory

Answer 7

Our reference groups (comparing ourselves to other) we gauge whether we are doing good or bad Example: This is why you have boy scouts or girl scouts, it’s the idea that kids need positive role models – like if their only reference group is gang members, it could steer them differently

Question 8

Role-Taking

Answer 8

Adopting the role of another person by copying their behaviors or copying their opinions in a social setting, aka social perspective taking

Question 9

Moral Identity

Answer 9

Person: Lawrence Kohlberg • Preconventional (young children and children) : Punishment & obedience, Self-Interest • Conventional (most adolescents and adults) : Conformity & Interpersonal Accord, Authority & Social Order • Postconventional (estimated only 15% of the population) : Social Contract, Universal Principles

Question 10

Social Facilitation Effect

Answer 10

tendency of performance to improve for simple, well-ingrained tasks

Question 11

Deindividuation

Answer 11

We lose it, thus we lose responsibility of our personal/sense of self, have to have: large crown and high emotional arousing event*

Question 12

Bystander Effect

Answer 12

happens when Diffusion of responsibility** occurs when responsibility to intervene in a crisis is inversely related to the number of people present

Question 13

Social Loafing

Answer 13

When people work in a group, everyone is likely to work less hard

Question 14

Groupthink

Answer 14

Assume you’re right as a group, so you don’t analyze other alternatives and come to a decision quickly

Question 15

Group Polarizations

Answer 15

When there is a lot of group agreement, the attitude moves towards ONE pole, NOTE: group polarization is NOT*** when a group becomes more divided, don’t fall for that trap answer

Question 16

Conformity vs Obediance

Answer 16

involving the influence of one’s peers and/or culture and you are adjusting VS. yield to an authority figure

Question 17

Situational Attribution

Answer 17

(how people explain why people behave badly) assuming the cause is external

Question 18

Dispositional Attribution

Answer 18

(how people explain why people behave badly) assuming the cause of the behavior is internal

Question 19

Folkways vs Mores vs Taboos

Answer 19

informal rules and norms that, while not offensive to violate, are expected to be followed VS what a society views as right or wrong VS are beliefs we feel extremely uncomfortable engaging in

Question 20

Social Sanction

Answer 20

forms of deviance that fall into the following categories: legal sanction, stigmatization, preference for one behavior over another

Question 21

Deviance

Answer 21

A violation of society’s standards of conduct or expectations; violating social norms including formal and informal

Question 22

Elaboration Likelihood Model

Answer 22

• Message characteristics - Source characteristics - Target characterisitics

Question 23

What is Salience?

Answer 23

The salience bias (also known as perceptual salience) refers to the fact that individuals are more likely to focus on items or information that are more prominent and ignore those that are less so.

Question 24

What is the Halo effect?

Answer 24

is when one trait of a person or thing is used to make an overall judgment of that person or thing. It supports rapid decisions, even if biased one

Question 25

What is Dramaturgical Perspective?

Question 26

What does Front-stage vs Back-stage refer too?

Answer 26

The frontstage self is the carefully tailored front that an individual chooses to show the world vs The backstage self is the individual’s “true self”, the unmoderated manner in which he or she exists in the world

Question 27

What is Learned Helplessness?

Answer 27

Person: Martin Seligman

Experiment: Dog Experiment

Conducted a speaker hurdle speaker thing to see if shock would produce the dog to jump to other side, but they didn’t – they let themselves get shocked

Question 28

What is aversive control?

Answer 28

Martin Seligman Dog Experiment was testing what is now known as Aversive control we can use something aversive in order to elicit a behavior we want

Question 29

Secure vs Insecure Attachment

Question 30

What is Fundamental Attribution Error?

Answer 30

when we judge someone else negatively without acknowledging that it might be the situation

Question 31

Optimism Bias

Answer 31

when you think only bad things happen to other people, or when you see bad things happen to other people, you think they are bad

Question 32

What is the Just World Belief?

Answer 32

the human tendency that we blame the victim because it makes us more comfortable

Question 33

What is the Ultimate Attribution Error?

Answer 33

The tendency to be prejudiced against out-group member

Prejudice is thought of as in-group favoritism and not because you hate out-group

In-Group Member =gets all the positive feelings

Out-Group Member =there are no positive feelings left

Question 34

What is the mere-exposure effect?