Social Psychology Flashcards
Self-Concept
is your view of your overall personality
Self-Schema
a mental framework that organizes ideas about yourself to form your overall self-concept, they are more specific than self-concept
Self-Efficacy
how effective you think you are • High self-efficacy = you think you are good at it • Low self-efficacy = you think you are bad at it
Locus of Control
Internal locus of control: “I have control” External locus of control = “I don’t have control”
Escape vs Avoidance
trying to get away from an unpredictable (it has to be unanticipated**) unpleasant experience Ex: pretending to be sick when a pop quiz is given VS. avoiding a predictable unpleasant stimulates Ex: pretending to be sick on the day of a big test
Social Learning Theory (Social Cognitive Theory/ Observational Learning/Vicarious Learning)
We learn purely through observation of people around us (socially), who we are by observing other people around us
Social Comparison Theory
Our reference groups (comparing ourselves to other) we gauge whether we are doing good or bad Example: This is why you have boy scouts or girl scouts, it’s the idea that kids need positive role models – like if their only reference group is gang members, it could steer them differently
Role-Taking
Adopting the role of another person by copying their behaviors or copying their opinions in a social setting, aka social perspective taking
Moral Identity
Person: Lawrence Kohlberg • Preconventional (young children and children) : Punishment & obedience, Self-Interest • Conventional (most adolescents and adults) : Conformity & Interpersonal Accord, Authority & Social Order • Postconventional (estimated only 15% of the population) : Social Contract, Universal Principles
Social Facilitation Effect
tendency of performance to improve for simple, well-ingrained tasks
Deindividuation
We lose it, thus we lose responsibility of our personal/sense of self, have to have: large crown and high emotional arousing event*
Bystander Effect
happens when Diffusion of responsibility** occurs when responsibility to intervene in a crisis is inversely related to the number of people present
Social Loafing
When people work in a group, everyone is likely to work less hard
Groupthink
Assume you’re right as a group, so you don’t analyze other alternatives and come to a decision quickly
Group Polarizations
When there is a lot of group agreement, the attitude moves towards ONE pole, NOTE: group polarization is NOT*** when a group becomes more divided, don’t fall for that trap answer
Conformity vs Obediance
involving the influence of one’s peers and/or culture and you are adjusting VS. yield to an authority figure
Situational Attribution
(how people explain why people behave badly) assuming the cause is external
Dispositional Attribution
(how people explain why people behave badly) assuming the cause of the behavior is internal
Folkways vs Mores vs Taboos
informal rules and norms that, while not offensive to violate, are expected to be followed VS what a society views as right or wrong VS are beliefs we feel extremely uncomfortable engaging in
Social Sanction
forms of deviance that fall into the following categories: legal sanction, stigmatization, preference for one behavior over another
Deviance
A violation of society’s standards of conduct or expectations; violating social norms including formal and informal
Elaboration Likelihood Model
- Message characteristics - Source characteristics - Target characterisitics
What is Salience?
The salience bias (also known as perceptual salience) refers to the fact that individuals are more likely to focus on items or information that are more prominent and ignore those that are less so.
What is the Halo effect?
is when one trait of a person or thing is used to make an overall judgment of that person or thing. It supports rapid decisions, even if biased one
