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Psychology Test 4 > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Scientific study of how individuals behave, think, and feel in social situations

A

Social psychology

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2
Q

Two social roles

A

Ascribed role

Achieved role

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3
Q

Assigned to a person or not under personal control (male/female (sex), son, daughter, adolescent)

A

Ascribed role

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4
Q

Attained voluntarily or by special effort (spouse, teacher, scientist)

A

Achieved role

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5
Q

When two or more roles make conflicting demands on behavior and on people

A

Role conflict

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6
Q

Network of roles, communication, pathways, and power in a group (army, athletic team; friends)

A

Group structure

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7
Q

Degree of attraction/desire among group members or their commitment to remaining in the group
-proximity, attention, mutual affection

A

Group cohesiveness

-cohesive groups work better together

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8
Q

A group with which one identifies (nationality, ethnicity, age, education, religion, sexual orientation)

A

In-group (POS CHAR)

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9
Q

A group with which one does not identify (exaggerate differences)
-conflict, prejudice

A

Out-group (NEG CHAR)

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10
Q

Process of thinking about ourselves and others in a social context

A

Social cognition

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11
Q

Comparing your own actions, feelings, opinions or abilities to those of others
Not done randomly
Ex. Notes, exam scores, tennis player

A

Social comparison

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12
Q

Making inferences about the causes of ones own behavior and others’ behavior

A

Attribution theory

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13
Q

Behavior can be attributed to (2)

A 
External causes (lie outside a person)
Internal causes (lie within a person)
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14
Q

Tendency to attribute behavior of others to internal causes (personality, likes, and so on)
We believe this even if behavior really has external causes

A

Fundamental attribution error

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15
Q

Tendency to attribute behavior of others to internal causes, while attributing the behavior of ourselves to external causes (situations and circumstances)

A

Actor-observer effect

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16
Q

Mixture of belief and emotion that predisposes a person to respond to other people, objects, or institutions in a positive or negative way
-summarizes your evaluation of objects

A

Attitude

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17
Q

Attitude components (3)

A

Belief component
Emotional component
Action component

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18
Q

What a person believes about an object or issue

A

Belief component

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19
Q

Feelings toward the attitudinal object

A

Emotional component

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20
Q

Ones actions toward various people, objects, or institutions

A

Action component

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21
Q

Effects of direct experience with the object of the attitude

A

Direct contact (psychologists)

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22
Q

Influence of discussions with people holding a particular attitude

A

Interaction with others

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23
Q

Effects of parental values, beliefs, and practices

A

Child rearing

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24
Q

Social influences from belonging to certain groups

A

Group membership

25
Q

All media that reach large audiences (magazines, television)

A

Mass media

26
Q

Contradicting or clashing thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or perceptions that cause discomfort
We need to have consistency in our thoughts, perceptions, and images of ourselves

A

Cognitive dissonance

27
Q

Degree to which ones actions are explained by rewards or other circumstances

A

Justification

28
Q

Changes in a persons behavior induced by the presence or actions of another person

A

Social influence

29
Q

Tendency for people to change their behavior just because of the presence of other people

A

Mere presence

30
Q

Tendency to perform better when in the presence of other people

A

Social facilitation

31
Q

People tend to work less hard (loaf) when they are part of a group than they do when they are solely responsible for their work

A

Social loafing

32
Q

The Asch Experiment

A

Select the line that most closely matched the standard line
Other six were accomplices and at times all would select the wrong line
In 1/3 of the trials, the real subject conformed to group pressure even when the groups answers were obviously incorrect

33
Q

Compulsion by decision makers to maintain each other’s approval, even at the cost of critical thinking “rock the boat”

A

Groupthink

34
Q

Rewards and punishments administered by groups to enforce conformity
-laughter, staring, social disapproval, complete rejection

A

Group sanctions

35
Q

Bending to the requests of one person who has little or no authority or other form of social power (passive or active)

A

Compliance

36
Q

Three factors that determine whether a person will comply with a request

A

The foot in the door effect
The door in the face effect
The low ball technique

37
Q

A person who has agreed to a small request is more likely later to agree to a larger demand

A

Foot in the door effect

-once you get a foot in the door, then a sale is almost a sure thing

38
Q

A person who has refused a major request will be more likely later on to comply with a smaller request

A

Door in the face technique
After the door has been slammed in your face (major request refused), person may be more likely to agree to a smaller request

39
Q

Commitment is gained first to reasonable or desirable terms, which are then made less reasonable or desirable
Ex. Henry accepts the price for a new car; then later tille the saleswoman tells Henry, “the business would lose too much money on that price; can’t you take a bit less and add all these options?

A

Low ball technique

40
Q

Changing our behavior in direct response to the demands of an authority figure

A

Obedience

41
Q

Who studied obedience and what were the results

A

Milgram

65% obeyed by going all the way to 450 volts on the “shock machine”

42
Q

Desire to associate with other people
Interpersonal attraction
-basis for most voluntary social relationships

A

Need to affiliate

43
Q

Affinity to another person

A

Interpersonal attraction

44
Q

Marked by high levels of interpersonal attraction, sexual desire, and heightened arousal

A

Romantic love

45
Q

Refers to feelings of connectedness and affection

A

Intimacy

46
Q

Refers to deep emotional and/or sexual feelings

A

Passion

47
Q

Involves the determination to stay in a long term relationship with another person

A

Commitment

48
Q

Study of the evolutionary origins of human behavior patterns

Influences sexual attraction and mate selection

A

Evolutionary psychology

49
Q

Men prefer younger, more attractive partners

Women prefer older, higher status, more successful partners

A

Buss found

50
Q

Unwillingness of bystanders to offer help during emergencies
Related to number of people present
More potential helpers present, the lower the chances that help will be given

A

Bystander apathy (bystander effect)

51
Q

Frustration tends to lead to agression

A

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

52
Q

Produce discomfort or displeasure and can heighten hostility and aggression (baseball)

A

Aversive stimuli (insults, temp, pain)

53
Q

Signals that are associated with aggression

A

Aggression cues (internal and external)

54
Q

Combines learning principles with cognitive processes, socialization, and modeling to explain behavior
Aggression must be learned
Aggression begets aggression

A

Social learning theory

55
Q

Negative emotional attitude held against members of a particular group of people
-racism, sexism, ageism, heterosexism

A

Prejudice(suspicion, fear, hatred)

56
Q

Treating members of various social groups differently in circumstances where their rights or treatment should be identical

A

Discrimination

57
Q

Blaming a person or group for the actions of others or for conditions not of their making

A

Scapegoating

58
Q

Oversimplified images of the traits of individuals who belong to a particular social group (recnecks, billionaires, old people, men, women, etc)

A

Social stereotypes

59
Q

The anxiety caused by the fear of being judged in terms of a stereotype

A

Stereotype threat

Psychology Test 4 (4 decks)

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