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Psychology Test 4 > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Scientific study of how individuals behave, think, and feel in social situations

A

Social psychology

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2
Q

Two social roles

A

Ascribed role

Achieved role

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3
Q

Assigned to a person or not under personal control (male/female (sex), son, daughter, adolescent)

A

Ascribed role

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4
Q

Attained voluntarily or by special effort (spouse, teacher, scientist)

A

Achieved role

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5
Q

When two or more roles make conflicting demands on behavior and on people

A

Role conflict

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6
Q

Network of roles, communication, pathways, and power in a group (army, athletic team; friends)

A

Group structure

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7
Q

Degree of attraction/desire among group members or their commitment to remaining in the group
-proximity, attention, mutual affection

A

Group cohesiveness

-cohesive groups work better together

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8
Q

A group with which one identifies (nationality, ethnicity, age, education, religion, sexual orientation)

A

In-group (POS CHAR)

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9
Q

A group with which one does not identify (exaggerate differences)
-conflict, prejudice

A

Out-group (NEG CHAR)

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10
Q

Process of thinking about ourselves and others in a social context

A

Social cognition

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11
Q

Comparing your own actions, feelings, opinions or abilities to those of others
Not done randomly
Ex. Notes, exam scores, tennis player

A

Social comparison

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12
Q

Making inferences about the causes of ones own behavior and others’ behavior

A

Attribution theory

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13
Q

Behavior can be attributed to (2)

A 
External causes (lie outside a person)
Internal causes (lie within a person)
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14
Q

Tendency to attribute behavior of others to internal causes (personality, likes, and so on)
We believe this even if behavior really has external causes

A

Fundamental attribution error

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15
Q

Tendency to attribute behavior of others to internal causes, while attributing the behavior of ourselves to external causes (situations and circumstances)

A

Actor-observer effect

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16
Q

Mixture of belief and emotion that predisposes a person to respond to other people, objects, or institutions in a positive or negative way
-summarizes your evaluation of objects

A

Attitude

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17
Q

Attitude components (3)

A

Belief component
Emotional component
Action component

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18
Q

What a person believes about an object or issue

A

Belief component

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19
Q

Feelings toward the attitudinal object

A

Emotional component

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20
Q

Ones actions toward various people, objects, or institutions

A

Action component

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21
Q

Effects of direct experience with the object of the attitude

A

Direct contact (psychologists)

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22
Q

Influence of discussions with people holding a particular attitude

A

Interaction with others

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23
Q

Effects of parental values, beliefs, and practices

A

Child rearing

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24
Q

Social influences from belonging to certain groups

Study These Flashcards
A

Group membership

25
All media that reach large audiences (magazines, television)
Mass media
26
Contradicting or clashing thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or perceptions that cause discomfort We need to have consistency in our thoughts, perceptions, and images of ourselves
Cognitive dissonance
27
Degree to which ones actions are explained by rewards or other circumstances
Justification
28
Changes in a persons behavior induced by the presence or actions of another person
Social influence
29
Tendency for people to change their behavior just because of the presence of other people
Mere presence
30
Tendency to perform better when in the presence of other people
Social facilitation
31
People tend to work less hard (loaf) when they are part of a group than they do when they are solely responsible for their work
Social loafing
32
The Asch Experiment
Select the line that most closely matched the standard line Other six were accomplices and at times all would select the wrong line In 1/3 of the trials, the real subject conformed to group pressure even when the groups answers were obviously incorrect
33
Compulsion by decision makers to maintain each other's approval, even at the cost of critical thinking "rock the boat"
Groupthink
34
Rewards and punishments administered by groups to enforce conformity -laughter, staring, social disapproval, complete rejection
Group sanctions
35
Bending to the requests of one person who has little or no authority or other form of social power (passive or active)
Compliance
36
Three factors that determine whether a person will comply with a request
The foot in the door effect The door in the face effect The low ball technique
37
A person who has agreed to a small request is more likely later to agree to a larger demand
Foot in the door effect | -once you get a foot in the door, then a sale is almost a sure thing
38
A person who has refused a major request will be more likely later on to comply with a smaller request
Door in the face technique After the door has been slammed in your face (major request refused), person may be more likely to agree to a smaller request
39
Commitment is gained first to reasonable or desirable terms, which are then made less reasonable or desirable Ex. Henry accepts the price for a new car; then later tille the saleswoman tells Henry, "the business would lose too much money on that price; can't you take a bit less and add all these options?
Low ball technique
40
Changing our behavior in direct response to the demands of an authority figure
Obedience
41
Who studied obedience and what were the results
Milgram | 65% obeyed by going all the way to 450 volts on the "shock machine"
42
Desire to associate with other people Interpersonal attraction -basis for most voluntary social relationships
Need to affiliate
43
Affinity to another person
Interpersonal attraction
44
Marked by high levels of interpersonal attraction, sexual desire, and heightened arousal
Romantic love
45
Refers to feelings of connectedness and affection
Intimacy
46
Refers to deep emotional and/or sexual feelings
Passion
47
Involves the determination to stay in a long term relationship with another person
Commitment
48
Study of the evolutionary origins of human behavior patterns | Influences sexual attraction and mate selection
Evolutionary psychology
49
Men prefer younger, more attractive partners | Women prefer older, higher status, more successful partners
Buss found
50
Unwillingness of bystanders to offer help during emergencies Related to number of people present More potential helpers present, the lower the chances that help will be given
Bystander apathy (bystander effect)
51
Frustration tends to lead to agression
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
52
Produce discomfort or displeasure and can heighten hostility and aggression (baseball)
Aversive stimuli (insults, temp, pain)
53
Signals that are associated with aggression
Aggression cues (internal and external)
54
Combines learning principles with cognitive processes, socialization, and modeling to explain behavior Aggression must be learned Aggression begets aggression
Social learning theory
55
Negative emotional attitude held against members of a particular group of people -racism, sexism, ageism, heterosexism
Prejudice(suspicion, fear, hatred)
56
Treating members of various social groups differently in circumstances where their rights or treatment should be identical
Discrimination
57
Blaming a person or group for the actions of others or for conditions not of their making
Scapegoating
58
Oversimplified images of the traits of individuals who belong to a particular social group (recnecks, billionaires, old people, men, women, etc)
Social stereotypes
59
The anxiety caused by the fear of being judged in terms of a stereotype
Stereotype threat

Psychology Test 4 (4 decks)

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