Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Scientific study of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders
- statistical abnormality
- social nonconformity
- situational context
- cultural relativity
Psychopathology
Psychological discomfort
Disability
Loss of control of thoughts, behaviors, or feelings
Maladaptive behavior
DSM-5
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Significant impairment in psychological functioning
Mental disorder
Impairment of nervous system development before adulthood
-you have intellectual communication, attentional, or motor problems that emerge early in your life
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
What category of psychopathology: Intellectual developmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Tourette’s disorder
Neurodevelopmental disorder
Loss of contact with reality; you hear or see things that others don’t; your mind has been playing tricks on you
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
Alternating mania and depression; you feel depressed; or you talk too loud and too fast and have a rush of ideas and feelings that others think are unreasonable
Bipolar and related disorders
Unnecessarily repetitious behavior; you spend unusual amounts of time doing things like washing your hands or counting your heartbeats
Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
Amnesia, feelings of unreality, multiple dimensions; there are major gaps in your memory of events; you feel like you are a robot or a stranger to yourself; others tell you that you have done things that you don’t remember doing
Dissociative disorders
Body complaints without an organic (physical) basis; you feel physically sick, but your doctor says nothing is wrong with you; you suffer from pain that has no physical basis; you are preoccupied with thoughts about being sick
Somatic symptom disorders
Impairment of nervous system development while in adulthood; your ability to think and remember has suffered a dramatic decline in adulthood
Neurocognitive disorders
Deviant sexual behavior; you can gain sexual satisfaction only by engaging in highly atypical sexual behavior
Paraphilic disorders
Suffering from more than one mental disorder at the same time
Comorbidity
Loss of contact with shared views of reality
Psychosis
Core features of psychosis (2)
Delusions and hallucinations
False beliefs that individuals insist are true, regardless of overwhelming evidence against them
Delusions
5 types of delusions
- Depressive delusions
- Somatic delusions
- Delusions of grandeur
- Delusions of influence
- Delusions of persecution
Imaginary sensations, such as seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting, or smelling things that do not exist in the real world
Hallucinations
Serious mental impairments in old age caused by deterioration of the brain
Neurocognitive disorders
3 symptoms of schizophrenia (abnormal _____)
Abnormal cognition
Abnormal affect
Abnormal behavior
Thinking that god, the government, or “cosmic rays from space” are controlling (paranoia)
Abnormal cognition (selective attention)
Flat/inappropriate affect (lack of emotional responsiveness)
Abnormal affect
Schizophrenia often involves withdrawal
Catatonic (remaining mute; mimicking others, etc)
Abnormal behavior
Disturbance in brains chemical systems or in the brains neurotransmitters
Biochemical abnormality
(Reward-motivated behavior)
May account for the voices, hallucinations, and delusions of schizophrenia
______ over activity in brain may be related to schizophrenia
Dopamine
Major disturbances in emotion of mood, such as depression or mania
Mood disorders
Sadness or despondency are prolonged, exaggerated, or unreasonable
Depressive disorders
Involve both depression and mania or hypomania
Bipolar disorders
Extreme mania and deep depression
Bipolar I disorder
Mostly depressed, but with hypomanic episodes
Bipolar II disorder
Excited, loud, elated, hyperactive, energetic, grandiose behavior
Mania
An intense fear that a panic attack will occur in a public place or unfamiliar situation
Panic disorder with Agoraphobia (embarrassing)
Intense fear of leaving the house or entering unfamiliar situations; fear of open places or market
Agoraphobia (4.2% of adults)
