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Psychology Test 4 > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Relatively stable patterns of thinking, emotions, and behavior

A

Personality

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2
Q

Stable, enduring qualities (situationally specific)

A

Personality traits

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3
Q

Style of personality defined by several traits

A

Personality types

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4
Q

Your ideas, perceptions, and feelings about who you are

-mental picture of your personality

A

Self-concept

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5
Q

A positive evaluation of oneself (need for positive regard)

Based on accurate appraisal of strengths and weaknesses

A

Self-esteem

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6
Q

Face-to-face meeting designed to gain information about someone’s personality, current psychological state, personal history, etc.

A

Interview

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7
Q

Limitations of an interview (4)

A

Influenced by preconceptions
Interviewer personality
Deception
Halo effect

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8
Q

Halo effect

A

Belied that people who are socially attractive have better personalities

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9
Q

Paper and pencil test consisting of questions that reveal personality aspects
Objective test

A

Personality questionere

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10
Q

Reliability

A

Does a test give close to the same score each time it is given to the same person

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11
Q

Validity

A

Does the test measure what it claims to measure

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12
Q

Widely used objective personality questionnaire
567 true of false items
Measures 10 major aspects of personality

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)

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13
Q

Psychological tests that use ambiguous or unstructured stimuli
Person needs to describe the stimuli or make up stories about them

A

Projective tests

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14
Q

Developed by Swiss psychologist Hermann Rorschach

Contains 10 standardized inkblots

A

Rorschach technique

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15
Q

Developed by Henry Murray, personality theorist
Projective device consisting of 20 drawings (black and white cards) of various situations
People must make up stories about the drawings

A

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

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16
Q

Limitations of projective tests (3)

A

Low validity
Objectivity and reliability are low
Still useful in a “test battery”

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17
Q

Trait theorists attempt to: (3)

A

Analyze
Classify
Interrelate traits

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18
Q

Identifying relatively stable features of your personality that distinguish you from other individuals

A

Trait approach

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19
Q

Dimension of personality used to categorize people according to the degree to which they manifest a particular characteristic
Assumption:
Stable over time and across situations

A

Trait

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20
Q

Gordon allport (5 traits)

A 
Common traits
Individual traits
Cardinal traits
Center traits
Secondary traits
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21
Q

Characteristics shared by most members of a culture (introverts/extroverts, liberals/conservatives, competitiveness)

A

Common traits

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22
Q

Define a persons unique personal qualities

A

Individual traits

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23
Q

So basic that all of a persons activities can be traced back to the trait (Machiavellian, Christ-like)
Ex. Mother Teresa, Abraham Lincoln

A

Cardinal traits

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24
Q

Core qualities of an individuals personality (building blocks of your personality)

A

Central traits

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25
Q

Inconsistent or superficial aspects of a person (food preferences, political opinions, music interests)

A

Secondary traits

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26
Q

A statistical technique used to correlate multiple measurements and identify underlying factors

A

Factor analysis

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27
Q

The “Big Five” personality factors (Cattell)

A 
Openness to experience
Conscientious
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
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28
Q

Viennese physician
Began with hypnosis and eventually switched to psychoanalysis
Followers, jung and Adler
Still influential and very controversial more than 100 years later

A

Sigmund Freud, M.D.

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29
Q

4 impacts Freud made on popular culture

A

Defense mechanisms
Freudian slips
Attachment theory
Psychoanalysis

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30
Q

Freuds model portrays personality as a dynamic system directed by what three mental structures

A

Id
Ego
Superego

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31
Q 
Innate biological instincts and urges
Self serving, irrational, and totally unconscious
Pleasure principle
Acts as power source for psyche
-libido (Eros, Thanatos)
A

The Id

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32
Q

Executive, directs id energies
Partially conscious and partially unconscious
Reality principle

A

The ego

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33
Q

Conscience

Judge or censor for thoughts and actions of the ego

A

The superego

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34
Q

Stage theory

A

Personality formed before age 6

In each stage: erogenous zone, fixation

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35
Q

Psychosexual stages (3)

A

Oral
Anal
Phallic

36
Q

Oral-dependent personality

A

Weaned off too late

Gullible, passive, and needs lots of attention

37
Q

Oral-aggressive personality

A

Weaned off too soon

Like to argue and exploit others

38
Q

Anal stage

A

Ages 1-3
Ego develops
Fixation caused by harsh or lenient toilet training

39
Q

Anal retentive personality

A

Holding on

40
Q

Anal expulsive personality

A

Letting go

41
Q

Phallic stage

A

Vanity, narcissism, pride
Ages 3-6
Increased sexual interest causes the child to by physically attached to the parent of the opposite sex

42
Q

Oedipus conflict

A

Boy feels rivalry with his father for his mother’s affection

43
Q

Electra conflict

A

Girl loves her father and competes with her mother

44
Q

Approach that focuses on human experience, problems, potentials, and ideals

A

Humanism

45
Q

Ability to choose that is NOT controlled by genetics, learning, or unconscious forces

A

Free will

46
Q

11 characteristics of self-actualizers (maslow)

A
  1. Efficient perceptions of reality
  2. Comfortable acceptance of self, others, and nature
  3. Spontaneity
  4. Task entering
  5. Autonomy
  6. Continued freshness of appreciation
  7. Fellowship with humanity
  8. Profound interpersonal relationships
  9. Comfort with solitude
  10. Non-hostile sense of humor
  11. Peak experiences
47
Q

8 steps to promote self-actualizafion

A
  1. Be willing to change
  2. Take responsibility
  3. Examine motives
  4. Experience honestly and directly
  5. Make us of positive experiences
  6. Be prepared to be different
  7. Get involved
  8. Assess your progress
48
Q

Self-efficacy (bandura)

A

Ability to control your own life

Capacity to produce a desired result

49
Q

“Raw material” that refers to the hereditary aspects of your personality

A

Temperament

50
Q

The study of behavioral traits

A

Behavioral genetics

51
Q

The expression of personality is motivated by internal processes and conflicts over which individuals have little or no consciousness awareness and consequently limited personal control

A

Psychodynamic perspectives - Freud

52
Q

Limited to only those mental activities of which the individual is consciously aware of at any given moment

A

Conscious mind

53
Q

Contains mental information that the individual may not be thinking about at any given moment but can easily gain access to when needed, as well as remove from awareness when no longer in need

A

Preconscious mind

54
Q

The largest and most influential region of the mind
Seemingly unlimited storage facility containing the thoughts, feelings, memories, needs, desires, wishes, and past experiences deemed too threatening to appear at the conscious level of awareness

A

Unconscious mind

55
Q

Manifest content

A

What a dreamer remembers

56
Q

Latent content

A

The expression of the content of unconscious mind and a reflection of a persons true feelings, needs, and desires

57
Q

The core component of personality that is located completely in the unconscious mind
Present at birth and serves as the primary source driving personality

A

The Id

58
Q

Eros

A

Sexual impulses

Part of pleasure principle that the Id operates on

59
Q

Thanatos

A

Unrestrained aggression

Part of the pleasure principle that the id operates on

60
Q

Develops out of the id towards the end of the first year and beginning of the second year of life
Meets the needs of the id within the constraints of operating in the real world

A

The ego

61
Q

Reality principle

A

The ego develops a strategy that will make it possible to meet these instinctual needs and desires in a manner that will satisfy the unconscious demands of the id but also in a manner that will not threaded the egos sense of self within the context of reality and the conscious level

62
Q

Exists at all three levels of conscious awareness and is based on a sense of morality reflecting family values, official laws, social conventions, religious beliefs, and a personal moral code

A

Superego

63
Q

To mask feelings of anxiety and disguise the source of the tension, as well as from keeping them from being expressed, individuals unconsciously employ a variety of

A

Defense mechanisms

64
Q

The principle defense mechanism, characterized by the individuals ego simply removing (ignoring, trying to forget) the threatening impulse from conscious awareness

A

Repression

65
Q

Forcing distressing or unacceptable memories, thoughts, and feelings into the unconscious

A

Repression

66
Q

Unacceptable thoughts and desires in the unconscious are expressed as their opposite in conscious

A

Reaction formation

67
Q

Attributing ones own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, impulses, and motives to others

A

Projection

68
Q

A victim of sexual assault during childhood unable to recall the details in adulthood (defense mechanism)

A

Repression

69
Q

Speaking out against homosexual behavioral while fantasizing about having sex with same sex individuals

A

Reaction formation

70
Q

Easing ones guilt about cheating on a test by believing others are also cheating

A

Projection

71
Q

Reaction to a threatening situation with a response characteristic of an earlier stage of development

A

Regression

72
Q

“Acting like a baby” by throwing a temper tantrum when co-workers do not agree with you (defense mechanism)

A

Regression

73
Q

Transforming inappropriate impulses and motives into socially acceptable and even valuable expressions

A

Sublimation

74
Q

Developing a career as a scientist studying deviant sexual behavior to satisfy ones own atypical sexual desires (defense mechanism)

A

Sublimation

75
Q

A conscious refusal to perceive and believe painful facts or situations exist

A

Denial

76
Q

Creating an acceptable and local explanation to replace a true but threatening cause of behavior

A

Rationalization

77
Q

Shifting the expression of an unwanted impulse from a threatening person to a less threatening one

A

Displacement

78
Q

Instead of admitting to being a thief, an employee justifies stealing supplies from works as compensation for what is perceived as an unfair salary (defense mechanism)

A

Rationalization

79
Q

After a series of job losses and failed relationships, an alcoholic will not admit to having a drinking problem

A

Denial

80
Q

Instead of expressing his anger at his boss for humiliating him in a meeting, an office manager yells at his child when arriving home (defense mechanism)

A

Displacement

81
Q

Stages that reflect the conflict between the expression of the id’s desire to seek immediate pleasure and society’s demands to restrict it

A

Psychosexual stages

82
Q

A region of the body that serves as the source of enjoyment

A

Erogenous zone

83
Q

Which stage develops a willingness to delay gratification

A

Oral stage (birth to 2 years)

84
Q

Which stage: when seeking pleasure, there is a right time and right place

A

Anal stage (2-3 years)

85
Q

Which stage: go along to get along with those more powerful than you
-Oedipal complex and Electra complex

A

Phalic stage (3 to 6 years)

86
Q

Which stage: it is good to know you are not alone during difficult times of transition

A

Latency period (7-11 years)

87
Q

Which stage: to get pleasure, you just give pleasure

A

Genital stage (11 years to adulthood)

Psychology Test 4 (4 decks)

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