Social Psychology Flashcards
Who discovered autism?
Asperger and Kanner
What are the problems associated with autism?
Social interaction is difficult
Activities and interests are obsessive
Communication is difficult
Do autistic people have theory of mind?
They fail the false belief test
Who fails the false belief test?
Children under 4
Chimpanzees
Autistic people
Who came up with the false belief test?
Wimmer and Perner
What is theory of mind?
The ability to understand that observed behaviour is caused by unobserved mental states and that others can have divergent views of the world
What type of change does Perner believe developing T.O.M is?
A conceptual change. Children develop a theory of mind (“Theory theory”)
What type of change does Leslie think developing theory of mind is?
Modular - theory of mind is innate, it is the capacity and ability to use it which changes
What did Bowlby believe about attachment?
That it was an innate predisposition for evolutionary advantage
What would a behaviourist believe about attachment?
That it is developed from rewards from close contact
What did Harry Harlow contribute to the attachment debate?
He showed that rhesus baby monkeys prefer to be with a cloth mother with no food than a metal mother with food
What did Ainsworth contribute to attachment theory?
The different types of individual attachment.
Secure = moderate
Insecure Ambivalent = clingy and excessive but sometimes pushes mother away too
Insecure Avoidant = shows no love of mother or need for parent, doesn’t want help with tasks
Through stranger experiment
How would Piaget do education?
Learning by exploration
Learner-centred orientation
Thematic rather than subject specific organisation
Focus on development of schémas
How would Vygotsky do education?
Focus on sociocultural learning
Adults would play an important role
Internalisation and inner speech
Zone of proximal development and scaffolding
Does Vygotsky think speech precedes language or the other way round?
He would say they are separate systems that intertwine
What did Chomsky believe about language?
He believed in universal innate grammar Hierarchical structures Underlying abstract rules of syntax Domain specific Critical period for learning syntax (Genie)
What evidence is there to support Chomsky’s language acquisition device theory?
Deaf children with parents who don’t learn sign language invent their own language
Williams syndrome - impaired intelligence but sustained intact language skills
What did Skinner believe about language?
Stimulus response behaviour
Learnt by imitation and reinforcement
Chains of verbal responses
Outline the cognitive hypothesis for language acquisition
No syntax, just semantics (semantics are much later)
Children map early utterances onto sensorimotor notions e.g. Object
What evidence is there against language acquisition through imitation?
Children say grammatically incorrect things they can’t possibly have heard
Children find it hard to imitate utterances they can’t spontaneously produce
What evidence is there against Chomsky’s LAD?
Correcting children’s grammar has little effect
Children find it hard to imitate utterances they can’t spontaneously practice
Children make grammatical errors they can’t possibly have heard
Do newborns like looking at faces?
Johnson and fantz: yes
But maybe just top heavy patterns
Do other species have theory of mind?
Some monkeys prefer to steal food from those they know aren’t looking
But poinelli and eddy show that chimpanzees don’t differentiate between humans that can see them and humans that can’t when asking for food
