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Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Attribution theory

A

The theory that we explain someone else’s behavior by crediting their the situation of the persons disposition

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2
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

The tendency for observers, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

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3
Q

Attitude

A

Feelings, often influences by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

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4
Q

Peripheral route persuasion

A

Occur when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as the speaker’s attractiveness

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5
Q

Central route persuasion

A

Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

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6
Q

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

A

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

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7
Q

Role

A

A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

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8
Q

Cognitive dissonance theory

A

The theory that we act to reduce the discomforts we feel when our thoughts don’t match out actions, when we are hypocrites.

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9
Q

Conformity

A

Adjusting our behavior or thinking to be like a group standard

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10
Q

Normative social influence

A

Influence resulting from someone’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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11
Q

Informational social influence

A

Influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality

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12
Q

Social facilitation

A

Improving performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

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13
Q

Social loafing

A

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.

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14
Q

Deindividualism

A

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

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15
Q

Group polarization

A

The enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

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16
Q

Groupthink

A

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

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17
Q

Prejudice

A

An unjustifiable (usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and predisposition to discriminatory action

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18
Q

Stereotype

A

A generalized (sometimes accurate but often over generalized) belief about a group of people

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19
Q

Discrimination

A

Unjustifiable negative behavior towards a group and its members

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20
Q

Just-world phenomenon

A

The belief that good things happen to good people, bad things happen to bad people and everyone gets what they deserve and deserves what they get.

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21
Q

Social psychology

A

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

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22
Q

Ingroup

A

“Us” the people with whom we share a common identity

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23
Q

Outgroup

A

“Them” the people not on our ingroup

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24
Q

Ingroup bias

A

The tendency to favor our own group

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25
Scapegoat theory
The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
26
Other-race effect
The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than the faces of other races.
27
Aggression
Any act intended to harm someone physically or emotionally
28
Frustration-aggression principle
The principle that frustration — the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal — creates anger, which can generate aggression
29
Social script
Culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situation
30
Mere exposure effect
The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli will increase your liking of them
31
Passionate love
An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. Physical attraction. Honeymoon phase. Infatuation. Fucking like rabbits
32
Companionate love
The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whine our lives are intertwined. Emotional connection.
33
Equity
A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
34
Self-disclosure
The act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
35
Altruism
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others
36
Bystander effect
The tendency for any bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
37
Social exchange theory
The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
38
Reciprocity norm
An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
39
Social-responsibility norm
An expectation that people will help those needing their help
40
Conflict
A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
41
Social trap
A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing their self interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
42
Mirror-image perceptions
Mutual views often help by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive
43
Self-fulfilling prophecy
A belief that leads to its own fulfillment
44
Superordinate goals
Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
45
GRIT
Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction – a strategy designed to decrease international tensions
46
Ingroup
"Us" the people with whom we share a common identity
47
Outgroup
"Them" the people not on our ingroup
48
Ingroup bias
The tendency to favor our own group
49
Scapegoat theory
The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
50
Other-race effect
The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than the faces of other races.
51
Aggression
Any act intended to harm someone physically or emotionally
52
Frustration-aggression principle
The principle that frustration — the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal — creates anger, which can generate aggression
53
Social script
Culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situation
54
Mere exposure effect
The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli will increase your liking of them
55
Passionate love
An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. Physical attraction. Honeymoon phase. Infatuation. Fucking like rabbits
56
Companionate love
The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whine our lives are intertwined. Emotional connection.
57
Equity
A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
58
Self-disclosure
The act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
59
Altruism
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others
60
Bystander effect
The tendency for any bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
61
Social exchange theory
The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
62
Reciprocity norm
An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
63
Social-responsibility norm
An expectation that people will help those needing their help
64
Conflict
A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
65
Social trap
A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing their self interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
66
Mirror-image perceptions
Mutual views often help by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive
67
Self-fulfilling prophecy
A belief that leads to its own fulfillment
68
Superordinate goals
Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
69
GRIT
Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction – a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

AP Psychology (6 decks)

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