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AP Psychology > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Attribution theory

A

The theory that we explain someone else’s behavior by crediting their the situation of the persons disposition

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2
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

The tendency for observers, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

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3
Q

Attitude

A

Feelings, often influences by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

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4
Q

Peripheral route persuasion

A

Occur when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as the speaker’s attractiveness

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5
Q

Central route persuasion

A

Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

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6
Q

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

A

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

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7
Q

Role

A

A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

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8
Q

Cognitive dissonance theory

A

The theory that we act to reduce the discomforts we feel when our thoughts don’t match out actions, when we are hypocrites.

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9
Q

Conformity

A

Adjusting our behavior or thinking to be like a group standard

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10
Q

Normative social influence

A

Influence resulting from someone’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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11
Q

Informational social influence

A

Influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality

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12
Q

Social facilitation

A

Improving performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

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13
Q

Social loafing

A

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.

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14
Q

Deindividualism

A

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

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15
Q

Group polarization

A

The enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

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16
Q

Groupthink

A

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

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17
Q

Prejudice

A

An unjustifiable (usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and predisposition to discriminatory action

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18
Q

Stereotype

A

A generalized (sometimes accurate but often over generalized) belief about a group of people

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19
Q

Discrimination

A

Unjustifiable negative behavior towards a group and its members

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20
Q

Just-world phenomenon

A

The belief that good things happen to good people, bad things happen to bad people and everyone gets what they deserve and deserves what they get.

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21
Q

Social psychology

A

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

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22
Q

Ingroup

A

“Us” the people with whom we share a common identity

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23
Q

Outgroup

A

“Them” the people not on our ingroup

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24
Q

Ingroup bias

A

The tendency to favor our own group

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25
Q

Scapegoat theory

A

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

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26
Q

Other-race effect

A

The tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than the faces of other races.

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27
Q

Aggression

A

Any act intended to harm someone physically or emotionally

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28
Q

Frustration-aggression principle

A

The principle that frustration — the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal — creates anger, which can generate aggression

29
Q

Social script

A

Culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situation

30
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli will increase your liking of them

31
Q

Passionate love

A

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. Physical attraction. Honeymoon phase. Infatuation. Fucking like rabbits

32
Q

Companionate love

A

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whine our lives are intertwined. Emotional connection.

33
Q

Equity

A

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

34
Q

Self-disclosure

A

The act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

35
Q

Altruism

A

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

36
Q

Bystander effect

A

The tendency for any bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

37
Q

Social exchange theory

A

The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

38
Q

Reciprocity norm

A

An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

39
Q

Social-responsibility norm

A

An expectation that people will help those needing their help

40
Q

Conflict

A

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

41
Q

Social trap

A

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing their self interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

42
Q

Mirror-image perceptions

A

Mutual views often help by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

43
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment

44
Q

Superordinate goals

A

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

45
Q

GRIT

A

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction – a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

46
Q

Ingroup

A

“Us” the people with whom we share a common identity

47
Q

Outgroup

A

“Them” the people not on our ingroup

48
Q

Ingroup bias

A

The tendency to favor our own group

49
Q

Scapegoat theory

A

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

50
Q

Other-race effect

A

The tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than the faces of other races.

51
Q

Aggression

A

Any act intended to harm someone physically or emotionally

52
Q

Frustration-aggression principle

A

The principle that frustration — the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal — creates anger, which can generate aggression

53
Q

Social script

A

Culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situation

54
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli will increase your liking of them

55
Q

Passionate love

A

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. Physical attraction. Honeymoon phase. Infatuation. Fucking like rabbits

56
Q

Companionate love

A

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whine our lives are intertwined. Emotional connection.

57
Q

Equity

A

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

58
Q

Self-disclosure

A

The act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

59
Q

Altruism

A

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

60
Q

Bystander effect

A

The tendency for any bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

61
Q

Social exchange theory

A

The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

62
Q

Reciprocity norm

A

An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

63
Q

Social-responsibility norm

A

An expectation that people will help those needing their help

64
Q

Conflict

A

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

65
Q

Social trap

A

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing their self interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

66
Q

Mirror-image perceptions

A

Mutual views often help by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

67
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment

68
Q

Superordinate goals

A

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

69
Q

GRIT

A

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction – a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

AP Psychology (6 decks)

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