Introduction

Question 1

Edward Bradford Titchener

Answer 1

Titchener used introspection to search for the minds structural elements

Question 2

What is structuralism?

Answer 2

The early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

Question 3

What is functionalism?

Answer 3

The early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function and how they enabled the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

Question 4

Who was William James?

Answer 4

James was a teacher/writer who authors a psychology textbook in 1890. He mentored Calkins.

Question 5

Who was Mary Whiton Calkins?

Answer 5

She was a pioneer in memory research and the first woman to be president of the American Psychological Association

Question 6

Who was Margaret Floy Washburn?

Answer 6

She was the first woman to receive a psychology Ph.D. She synthesized animal behavior research in The Animal Mind. She was also the second female president of the American Psychological Association

Question 7

What event defined the start of scientific psychology?

Answer 7

Scientific psychology began in Germany in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology lab

Question 8

Why did introspection fail as a method for understanding how the mind works?

Answer 8

People’s self-reports varied, depending on the experience and the person’s intelligence and verbal ability

Question 9

(Blank 1) used introspection to define the mind’s makeup; (blank 2) focused on how the mental processes enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.

Answer 9

Blank 1: structuralism

Blank 2: functionalism

Question 10

Who were John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner?

Answer 10

They showed that fear could be learned in the experiment “Little Albert”

Question 11

Who was B. f. Skinner?

Answer 11

Leading behaviorist rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior

Question 12

Who was Sigmund Freud

Answer 12

Personality theorist and therapist believed who came up with the Freudian school of thought.

Question 13

Freudian Psychology

Answer 13

Emphasized the ways our unconscious thought processes and our emotional responses to childhood experiences affect our behavior

Question 14

Behaviorism

Answer 14

The view that psychology should (1) be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most psychologists today agree with 1 but not 2

Question 15

Humanistic psychology

Answer 15

Historically significant perspective that emphasized human growth potential. Really lovey and about feelings and love and nurture help humans reach full potential

Question 16

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 16

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking memory, and language)

Question 17

Psychology

Answer 17

The science of behavior and mental processes

Question 18

Nature-nurture issue

Answer 18

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

Question 19

Natural selection

Answer 19

The principle that among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Question 20

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 20

The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection

Question 21

Behavior genetics

Answer 21

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influence on behavior

Question 22

Culture

Answer 22

The enduring behaviors, ideas, values, attitudes, and traditions shared by a group of people transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 23

Positive psychology

Answer 23

The scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities thrive

Question 24

Levels of analysis

Answer 24

The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

Question 25

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 25

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

Question 26

Basic research

Answer 26

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Question 27

Applied research

Answer 27

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 28

Counseling psychology

Answer 28

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and achieving greater well-being

Question 29

Clinical psychology

Answer 29

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Question 30

Psychiatry

Answer 30

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; doctors who can provide medication

Question 31

Community psychology

Answer 31

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environment and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

Question 32

Testing effect

Answer 32

You remember stuff better if you test yourself vs if you just retread it

Question 33

SQ3R

Answer 33

A study method with 5 steps: Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review

Question 34

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 34

Wundt established the first psychology laboratory at the university of Leipzig in Germany