Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology Exam 3 > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Social Psychology

A

examines the influence of social processes on the way people think, feel and behave.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Attitudes

A

a positive or negative evaluative reaction toward a person, object or concept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Attitude Strength

A

the durability or impact of an attitude
Durability: if it lasts over time
Impact: if it impacts behavior or thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Social Cognition

A

Initial Impressions: initial perceptions make a difference; and have shown strong effects

Asch’s study found that a person presented with positive traits first was found to be more sociable and happier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Social Influence

A

the presence of others energizes performance (Triplett)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Social Norms

A

shared expectations about thoughts, feelings and behavior; can vary by time and place; culturally sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Conformity

A

the adjustment of people’s behavior, attitudes and beliefs to a group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Informational Social Influence

A

follow the opinions of those we believe have accurate knowledge and believe they are doing right, “others are buying this product”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Social Role

A

a set of norms which characterize how people in specific social positions should behave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Role Conflict

A

norms accompanying different roles may clash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

conform to obtain rewards that come from being accepted by other people while trying to avoid rejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Situational Influence on Behaviors

A

see others engaging in a behavior, likely to be influenced by it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

an unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes inconsistencies in actions, attitudes and beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Asch Conformity Study

A

Asch used lab experiment to study conformity, whereby 50 male students participated in ‘vision test’ using line judgment; agreed in advance what their response would be in line task, but real participant did not know this and was led to believe they were all real participants. About 1/3 participants conformed with clearly incorrect majority in trials. About ¾ participants conformed at least once. They went along with group for fear of being ridiculed. People want to fit in (normative influence) and because they believe group is better informed than they are (informational influence).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Results of Asch Study

A

When people were alone they got the answer correct

When in a group only 25% appeared to remain completely independent in their responses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Factors which affected conformity

A

Group size: conformity increased from 5-35% as group size increased
After 5 this stabilized

Presence of a dissenter: when someone else dissents he/she serves as a model and it significantly reduces conformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

LaPiere Study: 1930’s attitudes towards Chinese

A

Attitudes do not necessarily determine or predict our behavior

Attitudes and Behavior are influenced by several factors
Attitudes influence behavior more strongly when the counteracting situational factors are weak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Persuasion

A

the deliberate effort to change or impact one’s attitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Systematic Persuasion

A

attitudes or beliefs changed by appeals to reason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Heuristic Persuasion

A

attitudes or beliefs changed by appeals to habit or emotion

21
Q

Norm of Reciprocity

A

the golden rule; to get you to comply with a request you are given an unsolicited favor or gift

22
Q

Door in the face technique

A

persuader makes a large request expecting you to reject and then makes a smaller request believing you will be more likely to comply

23
Q

Foot in the Door

A

a persuader gets you to comply with a small request and then presents a larger request thinking you will now be more likely to comply

24
Q

Low Balling

A

the persuader gets you to commit to an action then before you perform in the “cost increases”

25
Q

Obedience

A

a form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority

Stanley Milgram’s Obedience to Authority research project revisited

26
Q

Variables which influenced obedience

A

Remoteness of the victim
Closeness and legitimacy of authority figure
Cog in the wheel
Personal characteristics: differences were weak or nonexistent
Cultural differences: similar results cross culturally

27
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

when others are present the responsibility to help is divided among those present

28
Q

Bystander Effect

A

people are less likely to provide help when in groups

29
Q

Latane and Darley : Bystander Research

A

Bystander won’t help if they don’t notice
Decide if it is an emergency
If an emergency: intervene or not
Take on responsibility: begin to question self-efficacy and confidence
Intervene regardless of cost

30
Q

Perceived Responsibility

A

more likely to help those who we view as “true victims” – but who we assume as true victims are biased. Ex) People on subways dressed nicely collapse vs. People on subways in tattered clothes collapse. More likely to help nicely dressed people.

31
Q

Factors that influence Attraction to Others

A

Situational Factors:
Proximity: being near increases likelihood
Exposure/availability increases attraction

Psychological Factors
Similarity in attitudes, value and interests

Physical Factors
Body Shape: males as inverted triangles, females as hour glass
Symmetry: bilaterally symmetrical more attractive

32
Q

Matching Hypothesis

A

people tend to opt for those at their same level of attractiveness; “Middle School Sleepover”

33
Q

Gender Differences

A

found cross culturally; males place more emphasis on physical attraction; women on social status and financial resources; women more selective (Buss)

34
Q

Passionate Love

A

intensely emotional and physical

35
Q

Companionate Love

A

deep affection, share emotional intimacy and friendship

36
Q

Triangle Theory

A

Intimacy, Passion, Commitment

37
Q

Intimacy

A

sense of closeness and sharing

38
Q

Passion

A

emotional, Physical

39
Q

Commitment

A

efforts to maintain the relationship with difficulties and costs

40
Q

Prejudice

A

negative attitudes towards people solely based on membership in a group

41
Q

Stereotype

A

characteristics we attribute to people based on their membership in a group

42
Q

Subtyping

A

rather than abandoning our stereotypes when we find evidence that does not support them, we tend to modify them

43
Q

Discrimination

A

treat people differently and unfairly based on group affiliation

44
Q

Illusory Correlation

A

people tend to overestimate the number of confirmations of an association between social traits

45
Q

Self Serving Bias

A

We attribute our successes to personal factors and our failures to situational forces – ex) If we do poorly on a test, that test sucked! If we do well on a test, I did so well!

46
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

In contrast to the self-serving bias, we assume others’ failures are due to personal or internal factors

47
Q

Group Membership

A

We categorize ourselves as “in group” or “out group” and view our members in more favorable terms
Ex) Michigan vs. Michigan State, Greek or not

48
Q

Homogeneity Bias

A

believe those in the “out group” are all the same, although we see the diversity within our own group
Conflict occurs when there is in-group out group difference; Summer camp 2 teams compete against each other (Eagles & Rattlers) and hostility between their identities was evident in various contests and games, led to them raiding each others’ camps

49
Q

Sherif results

A

Working on a common task or goal (superordinate goal) is an effective way to reduce in/out group conflict; collaborating leads to positive benefits such as seen in the Summer Camp study; Palestinian/Israeli kids brought together/work together towards common goal
Present applications for this research: Seeds of Peace

Psychology Exam 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions