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Psychology Exam 3 > Psychopathology > Flashcards

Psychopathology Flashcards

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1
Q

Mental Disorder

A

any behavior or emotional state that causes distress or suffering, is maladaptive and disturbs relationships and the greater community

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2
Q

Legal Standards

A

whether or not a person is in control of behavior and aware of the consequences of his/her actions

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3
Q

DSM-IV-TR

A

Standard reference book for all disorders most recently replaced by the DSM 5

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4
Q

5 axes or dimensions

A 
Primary Clinical Problem
Personality Disorders
Medical Conditions relevant to disorder
Social and environmental problems
Global Assessment of Functioning
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5
Q

problems with DSM Classifications

A

The danger of over diagnosis
The power of diagnostic labels
Many of the symptoms are based on subjective not objective measures
Some categories have political/social/cultural implications

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6
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

replaced different categories, including Pervasive Developmental Disorder and Asperger’s

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7
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

considered its own category instead of in the mood disorders

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8
Q

OCD and PTSD

A

are no longer considered anxiety disorders although anxiety is part of the symptom picture

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9
Q

Bereavement

A

can be included as a stressor for Major Depressive Disorder

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10
Q

Autism

A

impairment in communication skills
impairment in social interactions
restrictive repertoire of activities or interests, repetitive behaviors

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11
Q

ADHD

A

Inattention, impulsivity and/or hyperactivity which is inappropriate for a child’s particular developmental age

Diagnosed as combined presentation, predominantly inattentive or predominately hyperactive/impulsive presentation

Genetic link/runs in families

Multimodal treatment approach: drugs and behavioral interventions

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12
Q

Gender-Related Diagnostic Issues and ADHD

A

“ADHD is more frequent in males than in females in the general population, with a ratio of approximately 2:1 in children (Polanczyk et al. 2007)… Females are more likely than males to present primarily with inattentive features.” (DSM 5, 2013)

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13
Q

Conduct Disorder

A 
Violate social norms
Physical aggression 
Cruelty to animals
Lack remorse
May be a precursor to to antisocial personality
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14
Q

Tourrettes

A

Multiple motor and one or more vocal tics
Occur many times a day nearly every day or intermittently over a period of more than 1 year
Onset before age 18
Does NOT need to interfere with functioningfor diagnosis

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15
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A 
continuous feelings of worry, anxiety
    dread/foreboding
Restlessness
Difficulty concentrating
Irritability
Muscle tension
Sleep disturbance
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16
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Recurring attack of intense fear or panic accompanied by feelings of impending doom or death
Symptoms include: trembling, shaking, dizziness, chest pain, sweating, heart palpitations, hot/cold flashes, sense of losing control

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17
Q

Social Phobia

A

fear being in a situation where a person will be observed by others

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18
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of being alone in public places from which escape might be difficult or help will be unavailable; at its worst one doesn’t leave his/her home

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19
Q

Brontophobia

A

fear of thunder and lightning

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20
Q

arachibutyrophobics

A

fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of mouth

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21
Q

Sesquipedalophobics

A

fear of long words

22
Q

Peladophobia

A

fear of bald people

23
Q

Obsession

A

a recurrent, persistent and unwished for thought

24
Q

Compulsion

A

repetitive ritualized behavior in which people feel a lack of control over it.

25
Q

Compulsive Hoarding disorder

A

Acquiring items with no use
Failing to discard items with no/little value
Interferes with normal living space/functioning

26
Q

PTSD

A

Anxiety resulting from a clear/predictable danger or event
Reliving trauma in thoughts or dreams
Psychic numbing: “Walking through water”
Increased physiological arousal

27
Q

Depression

A

Sadness, lethargy, inactivity and feelings of helplessness and hopelessness
Genetic link
Behavioral changes: slower motor reactions
Cognitive changes: cognitive distortions
Physical changes: alters immune functioning

28
Q

Bi-polar disorder

A

Cycle through depression and mania
At least one manic episode with history of depression
Responsive to lithium and other mood stabilizers
Problem with compliance: miss the high
Can be adaptive, healthy and contributing members of society

29
Q

Mania

A 
Abnormally high level of energy
Great/special plans
Faulty thinking
Impulsive behavior
Grandiose schemes
Pressured speech
Spending large amounts of money
Outbursts of anger
30
Q

Somatization disorder

A

history of diverse physical complaints which are psychological in origin; you cannot find any organic reasons

31
Q

hypochondriasis

A

excessive preoccupation with health concerns/worry about developing illnesses; hypochondriac, ex) worry about what COULD be with stomach bug maybe being Ebola
*anxiety interferes significantly with life

32
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

loss of physical function with no organic basis, usually a specific area or system affected

33
Q

Personality Disorder

A

rigid, maladaptive traits that cause great distress or lead to an inability to get along with others, or to function well in the world
Pattern is inflexible, pervasive and of long duration
Some question the validity of the category.
Clusters identified in your text:
***Odd/eccentric: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
**Dramatic/Erratic: antisocial, borderline, histrionic,
narcissistic
*Anxious/Inhibited: ocpd, dependent, avoidant

34
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A 
Suspicious
Argumentative 
Reluctant to confide in others because of fears information will be “used against” him/her
Looking out for trickery
Blame others and bears grudges
35
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

Have very few if any friends or family relationships
Loner, choosing solitary activities
Indifferent to praise or criticism
Shows no warm or tender feelings to other people

36
Q

Schizotypal

A

Bizarre or odd patterns in behavior
Odd beliefs or magical thinking/superstitious that influences behavior; this is NOT psychotic or OCD
Uses unusual words (vague, metaphorical)
Inappropriate or constricted affect

37
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A 
Likes to break rules/laws
Deceitful; like to scam
Gladly take advantage of people; “Her loss is my gain!”
Lacks remorse
Can appear charming/friendly
Often intelligent
History of conduct disorder
38
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A 
Manipulative
Stable pattern of unstable relationships
Frantic efforts to avoid “abandonment”
Splitting: all good or bad
Self-mutilating behaviors; maladaptive coping strategy
Impulsivity
Sexual promiscuity
Quick to anger
39
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A 
Overly dramatic
Everything is a trauma
Attention seekers
Seductive
Not genuine
Dependent on others
40
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A 
Feelings of grandiosity
Sense of privilege
Feels special
Expect favors from others
Lacks empathy
41
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

A

Preoccupied with details that major point of activity is lost
Perfectionist to the point that task completion can be difficult
Rules are essential
Particular
Serious and formal
Work gives pleasure
Reluctant to work with others unless they submit to doing things “exactly” his/her way

42
Q

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

Excessively sensitive to rejection
Fearful of humiliation or shame
Socially withdrawn
Wishes to be accepted by others but avoids opportunities based on anxiety and fear of rejection or ridicule
Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing or inferior to others

43
Q

Dependent Personality Disorder

A

Submissive and clinging behavior
Excessive need to be taken care of
Difficulty making decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others
Has difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support or approval
Feels helpless when alone and goes to great lengths to get nurturance from others

44
Q

Schizophrenia

A

psychosis or condition involving distorted perceptions of reality and an inability to function in most aspects of life

Typical age of onset: 17-25

Strong genetic component; neurodevelopmental and social/emotional challenges

45
Q

Positive Symptoms

A

Bizarre delusions = false belief
Hallucinations = sensory distortion; seeing/hearing/tasting things that are not there
Heightened Sensory Awareness
Disorganized incoherent speech and behavior
Video of Charles Manson speaking unintelligibly and then deteriorating into not making sense

46
Q

Negative Symptoms

A

Poverty of speech; language is not as enriched
Emotional flatness
Loss of motivation
Social withdrawal
Apathy
Impaired attention: inability to think clearly, IQ is not as realized

47
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

consciousness, behavior and identity are split off

May develop in response to traumatic events

48
Q

Amnesia

A

inability to remember important personal information; cannot be explained by ordinary forgetfulness

49
Q

Fugue State

A

no concept of self/can take on a whole new identity in life – ex) people showing up in hospital emergency room that do not know who they were/what happened, Missing Person on Internet

50
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

(multiple personality disorder) The appearance of 2 or more distinct identities within one person

At least two recurrently take control over behavior
Inability to recall important information
Controversial in the field of psychology

Psychology Exam 3 (6 decks)

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