Social Psychology Flashcards
What did reeves and Nass 1996 do?
They took various social psychology studies and replaced the people interactions with a computer and a person.
Found no difference between the behaviour observed and the expectation of the study.
What are some of the main social bonding mechanics
Care- taking
Group affiliation
Social distancing
Friendship
What is the difference between Ingroups and out groups
Ingroups - a group of people who share a sense of belonging. Feel a common identity
Out group - “them” a group that people perceive as distinctly different from them
What is Ingroup bias?
Tendency to favour ones own group
What is the accentuation effect?
Tendency to exaggerate similarities of in groups and differences between groups
What is sherif and sherifs 1961 theory?
Realistic conflict theory
Competition for scarce resource leads to inter group conflict
What are the components of friendship
Proximity Shared activity Similarity Reciprocity Equity principle Social exchange Trust
What did gouldner say about reciprocity?
Gouldner 1960
Suggested that we have a universal moral code called the reciprocity principle
States that there is an expectation that people will help and not harm those who have helped them
What is the equity principle?
Adams 1963
Suggests that if we are over or under rewarded for something we feel stress
Stress can manifest itself in anger if under rewarded and guilt if over rewarded
What is social exchange?
Holman 1958
Theory suggest that if the cost of the relationship outweighs the reward then the relationship is seen as a negative.
If the opposite is true it is seen as a positive
What is said about similarity?
Montoya and Horton 2004
Found that when other people think the same as we do. We not only appreciate their attitudes by make positive inferences about them
What does selman say about shared activity
Selman 1980
Proposed a 5 stage model of interpersonal development
Suggested at a young age friendship consists purely of shared activity and shared location
Only towards teenage years do children establish friendship on reciprocity and mutual concern
What did Munn 2012 say about shared activity?
Investigated mmorpgs
Argues shared activity is core in forming friendships. This can occur in online virtual worlds the same way it does in reality.
What is said about proximity?
Bornstein 1989
Examined over 200 studies
Shows that proximity predicts liking. Familiarity does not breed contempt it fosters fondness
What is said about trust?
Bigelow 1977
Suggests young children expect friends to keep secrets and fulfil promises
Adults expect friends to be honest and be there for interpersonal needs
