Emotion

Question 1

What are the 5 basic emotions

Answer 1

Power and dalgleish, 2008

Argue that there are 5 emotions. Fear, sadness, anger, disgust, happiness.

Question 2

What did ekman say about emotions

Answer 2

Originally included surprise to make 6 emotions

1973

Question 3

Why is surprise not included as an emotion?

Answer 3

Oatley and Johnson-laird, 1987

Argue surprise is a component of emotion rather than an emotion itself

Question 4

What does Barrett 2006 argue?

Answer 4

Argues that all emotions stem from a basic set of emotions

Question 5

What are the components of an emotion?

Answer 5

Power and dalgleish, 2008

Suggest emotion is comprised of several components

These components are, an event, an interpretation, an appraisal, a physiological change, action potential and conscious awareness.

Question 7

What is schachter and singers 1962 view on the components of emotion?

Answer 7

Propose there is first a physiological change

Second identifying the stimulus

Third appraising the stimulus

Fourth the subjective state and expressive behaviour. These are seen as functioning separately.

Question 9

What did James and Lange 1900 say about the components of emotion?

Answer 9

Suggest the stimulus comes first, then the physiological change (e.g heartbeat) and then the subjective state( the emotion)

Question 12

What is the contructivist theory of emotion?

Answer 12

Averill 1980

Argue emotion should be interpreted in terms of their social function.

Emotions are constructs of these social functions and change substantially as these functions change

Question 13

What is Darwin’s view on emotion?

Answer 13

Argued emotions developed to serve an evolutionary purpose

First emotion energises adaptive behaviours such as fight or flight.

Second emotion gives rise to signalling and communication systems that confer a significant survival on the whole species

Question 13

What is cannons central theory?

Answer 13

Cannon 1927

Suggest we feel fear before we even start running

Suggests the thalamus receives the sensory information and at the same time relays it to the cerebral cortex and autonomic nervous system.

Emotions appears directly in the brain without first the need for peripheral feedback

Question 14

What is the cognitive theory of emotion?

Answer 14

Schachter and singer 1962

Argued feedback about physiological changes are not enough to display a wide range of emotions

Suggested we have a combined physiological feedback and cognitive interpretation of the nature and causes of the responses

Question 15

What is the peripheral theory of emotion?

Answer 15

James and Lange 1900

Each emotion is specified by a unique physiology

Suggest activity in the peripheral nervous system is the cause of emotion

Once you strip away all physiological response nothing remains of the emotion

Critical though some evidence for certain basic emotions distinguished by bodily changed (Darwin)

Question 16

Who created famous historical theories of emotion?

Answer 16

Aristotle and Plato

Question 17

What is the major debate in philosophy of emotion?

Answer 17

Historically debate over whether emotion was in the body or soul.

Nowadays master/slave, still debate over what is in control reason or emotions

Question 18

What did Aristotle say about emotion?

Answer 18

Argued human intellect is the highest thing in us and that emotions are seen as inferior and often disruptive

Question 19

What is said about emotions and goals?

Answer 19

Oatley and Johnson-laird 1987

Suggest emotions play important roles in prioritising, altering and assigning goals

Feel happy when goal is achieved
Sad when we experience failure or loss of a goal
Anxiety when goal is threatened
Anger when goal is blocked or frustrated
Disgust when gustatory goal is violated

Question 19

What did salovey 2008 say about emotion?

Answer 19

Believes emotion is the wellspring of human motivation

Suggest emotions augment rather than interfere with cognitive practises unlike historical philosophy.

Humans did not evolve to be predominantly rational or emotional beings. They are both and humans ability to adapt depends on the integration of these abilities.

Question 20

What is emotional intelligence?

Answer 20

Salovey 2008

Believes a person emotional intelligence contributes substantially to their intellectual and emotional well being and growth

Emotional intelligence is

The ability to perceive emotion accurately
The ability to access and generate feelings when they facilitate cognition
Ability to make use of emotional knowledge
Ability to manage and regulate emotions in oneself and others

Question 21

What does Tomkins 1962 say about emotion?

Answer 21

Emotions are “the primary provider of blueprints for cognition, decision and action”

Question 22

What does Hume argue about emotion?

Answer 22

1739

Emotional impulses motivate all action

Question 23

What does damasio say about emotion?

Answer 23

There is a distinction between emotion and feeling

Emotion is the execution of a very complex program of actions

A feeling is actually a portrayal of what is going on in the organs when you have an emotion

Emotions have a biological/evolutionary purpose for survival

Emotions are set within out genome and modified by individual experience

Question 23

What is the common lay theory about emotion?

Answer 23

We first perceive the stimulus

There is then a subjective state

Then the physiological change

Question 24

What did dutton and Aron contribute to emotion?

Answer 24

1974

Had two groups participants cross two bridges
Used thematic apperception test
Participants on suspension bridge more likely to phone back female interviewer and write sexually charged stories

Shows participants miss attributed fear for physical attraction

Shows there is a cognitive appraisal and physiological component

Question 24

What is wrong with Darwin’s theory?

Answer 24

Not everyone experience the same emotion given the same stimulus

Damasio suggests that we all have the same genome but individual experience modifies this

Question 25

What did Plato say about emotion?

Answer 25

Placed emotion In the soul

Linked to three parts, reason,desire and appetite but mainly the last two

Saw emotion as uncontrollable forces that are continually in opposition to reason

Question 26

What pieces of evidence does Darwin provide for basic emotions developed through evolution?

Answer 26

Some emotional expressions appear in non-human animals

Some emotions appear in young children before they can learn them through culture

Some emotions are expressed identically by humans born blind

Many emotions appear similar across human groups

Question 27

What do Tooby and cosmides 2008 say about the evolution of emotion?

Answer 27

Suggest that many individual program’s evolved such as sleep management, predator vigilance, face recognition etc.

Adaptive problem with these program’s is that if multiple program’s ran at once there would be a conflict

Suggest to avoid these problems the mind must be equipped with super ordinate program’s called emotions

Question 28

Historically , what is an emotion?

Answer 28

Plato originally discussed it as a feeling

James peripheral theory said it is the feeling we get from physiological feedback . Feeling theory

Aristotle said emotion is a form as in matter and form and believed people who have different beliefs experience different emotions. Consistent with modern appraisal theory

Question 29

Outline power and dalgleish 2008 spaars model

Answer 29

The mind is a functional goal orientated system(based on oatley)

There is a set of components which make up all emotional states

The emotional state can be distinguished from one another through appraisal.

Interpretations are down through the content of a persons mind

Distinction between emotional states, moods and dispositions. Sad mood is temporary tendency to appraise something in a loss related way. Dispositionally sad Is a permanent way

Agrees with basic emotions and them combining for complex emotions

Emotions can be appraised in conscious and unconscious ways. These don’t have to be the same

Question 30

What does power and dalgleish say about how emotions are appraised?

Answer 30

Emotions are appraised in terms of goals . Theory of oatley 1987

There are cycles of appraisal.