Emotion Flashcards
What are the 5 basic emotions
Power and dalgleish, 2008
Argue that there are 5 emotions. Fear, sadness, anger, disgust, happiness.
What did ekman say about emotions
Originally included surprise to make 6 emotions
1973
Why is surprise not included as an emotion?
Oatley and Johnson-laird, 1987
Argue surprise is a component of emotion rather than an emotion itself
What does Barrett 2006 argue?
Argues that all emotions stem from a basic set of emotions
What are the components of an emotion?
Power and dalgleish, 2008
Suggest emotion is comprised of several components
These components are, an event, an interpretation, an appraisal, a physiological change, action potential and conscious awareness.
What is schachter and singers 1962 view on the components of emotion?
Propose there is first a physiological change
Second identifying the stimulus
Third appraising the stimulus
Fourth the subjective state and expressive behaviour. These are seen as functioning separately.
What did James and Lange 1900 say about the components of emotion?
Suggest the stimulus comes first, then the physiological change (e.g heartbeat) and then the subjective state( the emotion)
What is the contructivist theory of emotion?
Averill 1980
Argue emotion should be interpreted in terms of their social function.
Emotions are constructs of these social functions and change substantially as these functions change
What is Darwin’s view on emotion?
Argued emotions developed to serve an evolutionary purpose
First emotion energises adaptive behaviours such as fight or flight.
Second emotion gives rise to signalling and communication systems that confer a significant survival on the whole species
What is cannons central theory?
Cannon 1927
Suggest we feel fear before we even start running
Suggests the thalamus receives the sensory information and at the same time relays it to the cerebral cortex and autonomic nervous system.
Emotions appears directly in the brain without first the need for peripheral feedback
What is the cognitive theory of emotion?
Schachter and singer 1962
Argued feedback about physiological changes are not enough to display a wide range of emotions
Suggested we have a combined physiological feedback and cognitive interpretation of the nature and causes of the responses
What is the peripheral theory of emotion?
James and Lange 1900
Each emotion is specified by a unique physiology
Suggest activity in the peripheral nervous system is the cause of emotion
Once you strip away all physiological response nothing remains of the emotion
Critical though some evidence for certain basic emotions distinguished by bodily changed (Darwin)
Who created famous historical theories of emotion?
Aristotle and Plato
What is the major debate in philosophy of emotion?
Historically debate over whether emotion was in the body or soul.
Nowadays master/slave, still debate over what is in control reason or emotions
What did Aristotle say about emotion?
Argued human intellect is the highest thing in us and that emotions are seen as inferior and often disruptive
What is said about emotions and goals?
Oatley and Johnson-laird 1987
Suggest emotions play important roles in prioritising, altering and assigning goals
Feel happy when goal is achieved
Sad when we experience failure or loss of a goal
Anxiety when goal is threatened
Anger when goal is blocked or frustrated
Disgust when gustatory goal is violated
What did salovey 2008 say about emotion?
Believes emotion is the wellspring of human motivation
Suggest emotions augment rather than interfere with cognitive practises unlike historical philosophy.
Humans did not evolve to be predominantly rational or emotional beings. They are both and humans ability to adapt depends on the integration of these abilities.
What is emotional intelligence?
Salovey 2008
Believes a person emotional intelligence contributes substantially to their intellectual and emotional well being and growth
Emotional intelligence is
The ability to perceive emotion accurately
The ability to access and generate feelings when they facilitate cognition
Ability to make use of emotional knowledge
Ability to manage and regulate emotions in oneself and others
What does Tomkins 1962 say about emotion?
Emotions are “the primary provider of blueprints for cognition, decision and action”
What does Hume argue about emotion?
1739
Emotional impulses motivate all action
What does damasio say about emotion?
There is a distinction between emotion and feeling
Emotion is the execution of a very complex program of actions
A feeling is actually a portrayal of what is going on in the organs when you have an emotion
Emotions have a biological/evolutionary purpose for survival
Emotions are set within out genome and modified by individual experience
What is the common lay theory about emotion?
We first perceive the stimulus
There is then a subjective state
Then the physiological change
What did dutton and Aron contribute to emotion?
1974
Had two groups participants cross two bridges
Used thematic apperception test
Participants on suspension bridge more likely to phone back female interviewer and write sexually charged stories
Shows participants miss attributed fear for physical attraction
Shows there is a cognitive appraisal and physiological component
What is wrong with Darwin’s theory?
Not everyone experience the same emotion given the same stimulus
Damasio suggests that we all have the same genome but individual experience modifies this
What did Plato say about emotion?
Placed emotion In the soul
Linked to three parts, reason,desire and appetite but mainly the last two
Saw emotion as uncontrollable forces that are continually in opposition to reason
What pieces of evidence does Darwin provide for basic emotions developed through evolution?
Some emotional expressions appear in non-human animals
Some emotions appear in young children before they can learn them through culture
Some emotions are expressed identically by humans born blind
Many emotions appear similar across human groups
What do Tooby and cosmides 2008 say about the evolution of emotion?
Suggest that many individual program’s evolved such as sleep management, predator vigilance, face recognition etc.
Adaptive problem with these program’s is that if multiple program’s ran at once there would be a conflict
Suggest to avoid these problems the mind must be equipped with super ordinate program’s called emotions
Historically , what is an emotion?
Plato originally discussed it as a feeling
James peripheral theory said it is the feeling we get from physiological feedback . Feeling theory
Aristotle said emotion is a form as in matter and form and believed people who have different beliefs experience different emotions. Consistent with modern appraisal theory
Outline power and dalgleish 2008 spaars model
The mind is a functional goal orientated system(based on oatley)
There is a set of components which make up all emotional states
The emotional state can be distinguished from one another through appraisal.
Interpretations are down through the content of a persons mind
Distinction between emotional states, moods and dispositions. Sad mood is temporary tendency to appraise something in a loss related way. Dispositionally sad Is a permanent way
Agrees with basic emotions and them combining for complex emotions
Emotions can be appraised in conscious and unconscious ways. These don’t have to be the same
What does power and dalgleish say about how emotions are appraised?
Emotions are appraised in terms of goals . Theory of oatley 1987
There are cycles of appraisal.
