SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards
social psychology definition
is a discipline which people attempt to see thoughts of others and how this influences what one does.
5 approaches to social psychology
- cognitive
- learning
- motivational
- biological
- cultural
social psychology - cognitive perspective
how perception effects behaviour
or how one reacts and its consequences
social psychology - learning perspective
principles like reinforcement and imitation
or how we are brought up effects what we do
social psychology - motivational perspective
basic human needs
social psychology - biological perspective
our biology drives us
social psychology - cultural perspective
how our society impacts on us
4 levels of explanation in social psychology
- intra-personal level
- inter-personal level
- inter-group level
- societal level
4 levels of explanation in social psychology - Intra-Personal Level
based on what goes on inside the person
- it is sometimes not always their fault is can be genes, tumors etc
4 levels of explanation in social psychology - Inter-Personal Level
interactions between two people
% of murder cases that rejection caused the violence
85%
4 levels of explanation in social psychology - Inter-Group Level
based on group level behaviour (tends to be men)
4 levels of explanation in social psychology - Societal Level
cultural effects on behaviour
Rousseau quote on nature of human kind
“man is by nature good and only institutions make him bad”
Hobbes quote on nature of human kind
“man is by nature solitary, poore, nasty and brutish”
what did Freud first draw the world too (3)
- the study of unconscious
- the developmental aspects of personality (what impacted us growing up also impacts us later on in life)
- talking cures (the idea of therapy)
what are the 3 subsystems involved in this conflict
ID
EGO
SUPEREGO
subsystem - ID
contains most basic urges (driven by what we want and desire)
they need to gain sexual pleasure and demand satisfaction now not later no matter the consequences
subsystem - EGO
works on the reality principle
works by trying to satisfy the ID by doing societal norms so that ID will have to wait
subsystem - SUPEREGO
acts as the moral policemen
we have rules from out parents and society, but if we break these rules this leads to anxiety
however if you don’t get anxiety then they have the desire to fulfil ID
what are the 4 defense mechanisms
displacement
reaction formation
projection
isolation
defense mechanisms - displacement
impulses redirected into a safer course (rechannel desire into something more acceptable)
defense mechanisms - reaction formation
original wish is supplanted with the opposite
defense mechanisms - projection
urges are projected into others
defense mechanisms - isolation
awareness of memories but not emotions (can talk about the trauma without emotions as the trauma is to much)
origins of unconscious
these are a result of childhood experiences
as a child grows pleasure is achieved through the stimulation of certain body zones
child stimulation of certain body zones
oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital
0-2 years old
2-4 years old
4-6 years old
6-12 years old
12+ years old
phallic stage
4-6 years old
boys desire to be with someone like their mother
Castration Anxiety - fears from the father finding out
electra complex
suggests that women are less than men
3 problems of freud theory
- he never actually studied children
- ideas not falsifiable
- little experimental evidence to support ideas
what is an attitude (2)
is a positive or negative reaction towards a stimulus, such as a person, action, object or concept
people hold attitudes about most things
what 3 components of attitude
cognitive (beliefs)
affective (emotional attachment)
behavioural
what are the likert scales
it depends on honesty and measures attitude that have a number of techniques
2 likert attitude techniques
the bogus pipeline
electromyography
the bogus pipeline
hooked up on people and measures minute changes in their muscles, to read if they are lying or not
when people are on the these machines they are more likely to be honest (especially men)
electromyography (EMG) and it’s downside
measures activity of facial muscles as they twitch when we are happy or sad which we can’t see with the open eye
one the downside its very expensive and you can normally only test one person
controversy around attitude - LaPiere
someone may portray an attitude but when it comes to showing that behaviour they won’t actually physically show it
what are the 3 things we have to consider when we think about the theory of planned behaviour
- when we have a positive attitude towards behaviour
- when norms support out attitudes
- when the behaviour is under our control
attitudes can change - himmelweit and then knox and inkster
change attitude then change your behaviour but this will then also change your attitude
people change their attitudes for certain things such as someone you fancy or how popular you are etc.
emotional appeals
fear can work in circumstances where
- the message evokes a strong fear
- feasible way to make a threat
what is attribution
there is no set theory, but most of them are based around ‘peoples perception of the causes of an event affects what they do and how they feel’
(how we perceive, interpret, what we dot etc)
what are the two measurement of attribution
internal and external