HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
top to bottom
- self-actualisation
- esteem
- love/belonging
- safety
- physiological
approaches within health psychology
are like the many layers in an onion
inner layer to outer layer
- biomedicine
- individual lifestyle factors
- social and community influences
- living and working conditions
- socio-economic and environmental conditions
a frame work for health psychology
- holistic
- all health determinants
- individuals is at the core
- each layer in context
- interdisciplinary flavour
- no ranking
- acknowledges complexity
fixing BMI
non of the recommended diet tips like stop when you are full, never works as people don’t follow them
what is stress
stress is the imbalance of of the demand of a situation and what capabilities you have to cope with it
it is a stimulus that you have to respond to
stress: person-situation interaction 3 components
situational component
internal process
negative effects
person-situation interaction - situational component
this is when you are trying to figure out the situations, its demands.
these are life that happen to you and they can be ranked on a scale of 1-50 depending on the situation
person-situation interaction - cognitive appraisal and its negative effect
this is when you worry, racing thoughts etc
effects
- do i have the resources
- what are the consequences of this
- what does this mean to me
person-situation interaction - physiological responses and its negative effects
this is things like muscle tension, increased HR
either two bodily processes undergo, either SAM (fast) or HPA (slow)
person-situation interaction - coping stratergies
these are
problem focused: think you can solve the problem, making a new plan, find some benefit of the situation
avoidance: being active, think about other things, pretending it doesn’t exist, humor, drug use
emotion focused: expression, other/self blame, stop thinking about it
social support:
- appraisal = talk to someone
- belonging - being in a group/with friends
- tangible - people help you out
the more you are shown to stress …
the more likely you are to experience post-depression
arteries disease and stress
by following ones life, the more stress they experience the more arteries disease are likely
infants with one or more negative life events/year …
are more likely to experience respiratory infections
stigma defintion
when an individual possess a attribute or characteristic that conveys a social identity (stereotype) to a particular context
for example - when you have a mental illness, people come up with their own stereotypes (stigmas) about you and your medical condition.
mental illness stigma (sword)
the individual has to deal with the challenges of the mental illness its self but them also the stigma that people have of them too
this sword is the hardest part to overcome
mental illness stigma to prejudice (discrimination)
it start with people either having a mental illness or not
then those they don’t attach negative stereotypes to those who do
so then the two groups seperate
this then causes discrimination (those ill = out-group)
where do we mainly get our sources of stigmas from
News and movies
lecturers Movie Study on prejudice/stigmas from movies
they randomly created two groups and they unknowingly either went to movie 1 (joker) or movie two
before and after the show the participants filled out a prejudice form asking about those with mental illness and fear, malevolence, authoritarianism and unpredictability
those that watch movie 1 increased their fear and authoritarianism towards those with mental illness than movie two. (the rest were equal).
this is because movie 1 showed more negatively about mental illnesses
3 ways to combat stigma
contact - this is the most effective. the public being around those with mental illnesses
educations - less effective. being taught about mental illnesses to remove misinformations
protests - is a formal objection to negative represntation
like minds, like mine study
was used to challenge peoples perceptions of those with mental illnesses
over a decade they showed 5 different ads for the public to see
before during and after the 10 years they had the participants fill out a form asking questions about they thoughts, feeling and stereotypes around mentally ill people
they found that over time more and more people started to have better stereotypes around mentally ill people
medical model of disability compared to the social model of disability
medical
- focuses on the individual
- the physical, mental challenges that the person has
- the problem/impairment is with them
- focus on how to treat them
social
- about the barriers and how they fit in
- think about accessibility/the environment they are in
- how to overcome the impairments
neuro-diversity paradigm and then common goals with medical
- that is natural and valuable form of humanity
- their is no one default way to act (it is culturally shaped)
- differences are normal, they are just diversity
- their is some we should treat
- minimize harm
- use the best option/beneficial
- shouldn’t force a difference
autism - language preference
prefer identity-first terms
‘autistic person’
parent and friends are a bit more mixed, and then professionals see it with person-first eg. he has autism.
3 strategies of social camouflaging and what they are
- compensation: actively compensate for difficulties in social situations
- masking: hide autistic characteristics to a non-autistic person
- assimilation: trying to fit in with others in social situations
your self esteem increases when
you have a better neuro-diversity perspective
Te Whare Tapa Wha - 1 of 3 Maori model of house
has 4 walls
- physical
- mental & environmental
- spiritual
- family & social
job:
make relationships with the healthcare system, have good health
came about in 1982, by M. Durie and K. Hira
what are the 3 models of Maori Health
- Te Whare Tapa Wha (house)
- Whiti Te Ra (star)
- Meihana Model (waka)
loo at lecture 23 for overview of them all and see what the questions in the exams could be
health in the pacific
is poor compared to other cultures
Pacific health: Fonofale model of health
context - time - environment (what surrounds them)
culture (roof)
physical - mental - spiritual - other (pillars)
family (is the base)
Pacific health: Te Vaka Atafaga model of health
family
social - support systems
environment
spirituality
physical body
image of waka on ocean and the moon
Pacific health: Seiatpu Framework model of health
more direct (sort of a flower)
based around an individual
theory
clinical
cultural
practice
family
when giving pacific health care you need to consider
family - is essential for the pacific people
language - for effective communications and need to be able to red their body language
tapu - sacred cultural values
organisation - has responsibilities
what place in the world do NZ rank for 15yr old drinkers
how many children in NZ have had alcohol by the age of 15
most common drinkers age group and alc abuse
2nd place in the world behind Germany
3/4 15yr olds have alcohol
18-24 years old for both
alcohol is uniques as also causes what certain type of harm
harm to others
what year did the drinking age change
1999
after compared to the change in the drinking age (of 18-19 year olds)
- they drink more and more often
- increase in assaults
what are the 3 approaches to alcohol uses
- parent
- psychological
- policy
parent approaches to alcohol uses
- 34% supply their children but, but 72% are around when they do
- often kids get drinks from parents they also get it from others to
- if others supply people with alc their is a greater risk of harm
- family rules could help with these
psychological approaches to alcohol uses
FRAMES
F eedback
R esponsibility
A dvice
M enu
E mpathy
S lef efficiency
policy approaches to alcohol uses
maybe have the split
- 18 can by at bar but not takeaway alc until 21
- increase price
- increase purchase age
- decrease accessibility
- decrease it advertising and sponsorships
- increase drink driving consequences
the more time spent on social media causes appearance satisfaction to
decrease
tripartite influence model
make comments, give us the pressure
- peers
- family
- media (the biggest factor)
this causes us to make appearance comparisons and thin internalisation
which then causes a decrease in body esteem
SAM - physiological response to stress
is a sympathetic response, with neurons to the adrenal medulla to release norephinephine/epinephrne
HPA - physiological response to stress
the anterior pituitary sends signals/hormones ot the adrenal cortex to release cortisol
problem focused coping strategy
problem solving - finding methods that might deter the impact or presence of the stressor
cognitive restructuring - reassessing or placing a new spin on the situations
finding meaning - finding some benefit or making sense of a traumatic experience
