Social psychology Flashcards
Study of all aspects of social behavior and social thought.
-Looks at how certain situations produce reactions in people in a predictable way
-Developed after WWII stemming out of the atrocities of the Holocaust and how government could influence society
Social psychology
The ways in which we notice, store, remember, and use social information
-Commonly done through nonverbal cues (facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, touching)
Social cognition
People evaluate their own opinions or desires by comparing themselves to others
-May use reference groups which can affect our self esteem
Social comparison
Social comparison that uses people we perceive as less fortunate
Downward social comparison
Social comparison that uses people we perceive as better than ourselves
Upward social comparison
Classifying others based on interpreted traits
-Process occurs quickly, we automatically assume more information than what is available
-Negative information skews opinions
First impressions
Are first impressions set in stone?
No
What are the steps for a proper handshake?
- Eye contact and smile
- Go for the thumb
- Firm but not strong
- Up and down
- Adjust duration
- Consider your left hand
- Close with eye contact and smile
Extent to which we like or dislike someone
Interpersonal attraction
What are the four levels of attraction
- Proximity - the more we are around other people the more likely we are to like them
- Similarity - the more we have in common other people the more likely we are to like them
3.Affective states - the current mood we are in (good or bad) will affect how we readily like the people around us - Physical attractiveness - the more physically attractive a person is the more likely we are to like them
Thoughts, emotions, and behaviors of on person affect the same areas in others
Interdependence
Extent to which each person is psychologically attached to the relationship and wants to remain in it
Committment
The process by which the actions of the individual or group affect the behaviors of others. Usually stems from social norms
Social influence
Learned social based rules that prescribe what people should or should not do in various situations
Social norms
A change in behavior brought about by the desire to follow beliefs or standards of others
Conformity
What are the components of conformity?
-Characteristics of the group
-Nature of how the individual responds
-Kind of task
-Unanimity of the group
Compliance technique
Small request than once granted begin to shift to larger requests.
Foot in the door technique
Compliance technique
Large request that likely will be declined then follow up with a smaller request elicits obligation to say yes through subtle pressure
Door in the face
Compliance technique
Individual creates the image or appearance that they are very popular, in demand, or busier than they really are
Playing hard to get
Compliance technique
Inducing increased liking in the target before influence is attempted
Integration
One individual orders/ commands another to behave in specific ways. Commonly done through direct orders
-Milgram experiment
-Zimbardo’s Stanford prison experiment
Obedience
What are the factors affecting obedience?
- Authority
- Surveillance
- Justification
- Buffers
Psychological state occurring in group members that results in loss of identity and a tendency to do things not normally done when alone
Deindividualization
Conduct or action that is helping in nature.
-Commonly referred to as altruism
-Bystander intervention and effect
Prosocial behavior
Helping behavior that is beneficial to others which requires self sacrifices
Altruism
Willingness to assist a person in need of help
-Based on diffusion of responsibility
Bystander intervention
Tendency for people to feel responsible for acting is shared with those present
Diffusion of responsibility
Violates the rights of other human beings
Antisocial behavior
Type of antisocial behavior
Negative evaluations of another social group and their members
Prejudice
Type of antisocial behavior
Hatred or intolerance towards a specific racial group and their members
Racism
Type of antisocial behavior
Widely held oversimplified image or idea of a particular typer of person
Stereotype
Type of antisocial behavior
Causing intentional injury or harm to another person
Aggression
Aggression approach that says the urge to be aggressive has to be released (catharsis)
Instinct
Aggression approach that says we learn aggressive tendencies through observations
-Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiments
Social learning
