Motivation and emotion Flashcards
The process that initiates, directs, and sustains behaviors
Motivation
People are motivated to take action in order to reduce the internal tension that is caused by unmet needs.
-Physiological, less psychological
-Maintaining homeostasis
Drive theory
People take certain actions to either increase or decrease their levels of arousal.
-Going for a jog vs meditating
Arousal theory
People are motivated to do things because of external rewards.
-Focus on incestives
Expectancy theory
People are propelled strongly by the use of goals
-Goals must be specific, challenging, attainable, feedback
Goal setting theory
Motivations that arise from outside of the individual and often involve rewards.
-Accolades (enticement maintains interest)
Extrinsic motivations
Motivations that arise form within the individual
-Autonomy, mastery, purpose
Intrinsic motivations
Created the hierarchy of needs.
-Humanistic psychologist of the 20th century
Abraham Moslow
The arrangement of needs from most basic to those at the highest level
Pyramid of needs
In ascending order what are the levels of the Pyramid of needs?
Physiological (bottom)
Safety
Love and belonging
Esteem
Self actualization (top)
Desire to obtain and consume food.
-Most powerful motivator in living creatures
-Ex. Binge eating disorder, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa
Hunger motive
Recurring episodes of binge eating occur, feeling out of control while bingeing, feeling guilt and shame after
Binge eating disorder
Eating disorder characterized by an obsessive fear of gaining weight
Anorexia Nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging
Bulimia Nervosa
Desire to engage in various forms of sexual relations.
-Most intimate motive
-Used in advertising
Sexual motivation
Desire to accomplish difficult tasks and meet standards of excellence.
-Characteristics: prefer difficulty, clear expectations, feedback, competition, responsibility, and having to preserver
Achievement motivation
Created in the 60s for business development.
-Describe two contrasting models of workforce motivation
McGregor’s X and Y theory
Management believes employees are lazy, will avoid work if they can, and that employees dislike work.
-Micromanagers
Theory X of McGregor’s X&Y theory
Management assumes employees are ambitious, self-motivated, exercise self-control, and believe that employees enjoy their work duties.
-Macromanagers
Theory Y of McGregor’s X&Y theory
Certain factors exists in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. Both factors operate independently.
-Composed of two category factors: Hygiene and Motivators
Herzberg’s two factor theory
Herzberg’s two factor theory factors:
1. Salary, jobs security, fringe benefits
2. Challenging work and/or recognition
- Hygiene
- Motivators
The outward display or expressions of mood or feelings
-Typically learned form culture
Emotions
The internal reaction; involves the processing of many emotions.
Emotional terminology with death
Grief
The external process; grief gone public
Emotional terminology with death
Mourning
Is the event or state caused by a loss; actually means to be torn away.
Emotional terminology with death
Bereavement
Events simultaneously produce the subject reaction labeled as an emotion.
-Arousal and emotion occur at the same time
Theories on emotion
Seeing a bear and the brain signals the emotion at the same time as the physicological sensations
Cannon Bard theory
Event cause the subjective reaction of emotion but the person must recognize the physical symptoms start.
-Emotion occurs after arousal
-“loading” or “buffering”
Theories on emotion
James Lang theory
Subjective reaction of emotion is determined by the cognitive label we attach to the feeling.
-Arousal first occurs, the the reaction must be identified, and finally the emotion is labeled.
Theories on emotion
Schacter and Singer theory
Outward signs of emotional states.
-Body language
-Eye contact
-Facial expressions
Nonverbal gestures
Body posture or movement of the body in reaction to emotional events
Nonverbal gestures
Body language
Nonverbal means of conveying and asserting emotional informations or mood status.
Nonverbal gestures
Eye contact
The use of the face to illustrate a person’s emotional state.
Nonverbal gestures
Facial expressions
What are the universal facial expressions and how many are there?
6 universal facial expressions
-Anger
-Fear
-Surprise or shock
-Sadness
-Happiness
-Disgust
