Social Psychology Flashcards
Cognitive bias
an error in thought processes that impacts rational decision making and reasoning p. 362
Cognitive component
our thoughts and beliefs towards something p. 346
Conformity
the alignment of one’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviour to match those of others or societal expectations p. 393
Covert bullying
indirect forms of bullying, such as excluding people from group events or talking about them behind their backs p. 414
Cyberbullying
bullying that involves intentionally harmful behaviour that occurs repeatedly in online spaces, such as on social media p. 414
Deindividuation
the tendency for individuals to lose their sense of identity and individuality within a group p. 399
Discrimination
the unjust treatment of people due to their membership within a certain social category p. 355
External attribution
a judgement of the causes of a behaviour as resulting from forces outside the individual performing the behaviour p. 360
Group
two or more people who interact and influence each other and share a common objective p. 374
Informational influence
the influence of observable behaviours and information on an individual, influencing their behaviour in certain situations or environments p. 398
Internal attribution
a judgement of the causes of a behaviour as resulting from features of the individual performing the behaviour p. 360
Media
the form in which information is spread throughout society p. 419
Normative influence
the influence of social norms on an individual, influencing a person to act in certain ways which align with social norms p. 397
Obedience
adhering to the instructions of authority figures or the rules or laws of society p. 383
Overt bullying
visible forms of bullying, such as causing physical harm or name calling p. 413
Personal factors
influences on helping that stem from within the individual who is or is not going to help p. 406
Power
the extent to which an individual can influence or control another individual’s thoughts, feelings and behaviour p. 375
Prejudice
a negative feeling held against people within a certain group or social category p. 355
Prosocial behaviour
behaviour that is intentionally and voluntarily performed in order to help another person or society p. 403
Situational factors
elements of the environment or context a person is in that influences whether they help p. 404
Social factors (on helping)
influences on helping that stem from other people and societal expectations p. 408
Social loafing
the tendency to put in less effort when in a group than a person would when alone p. 398
Social media
types of media that allow people to interact with others p. 419
Social norms
society’s unofficial rules and expectations regarding how we ought to act that most people follow without thinking p. 394, 408
Status
an individual’s position within a group as perceived by other members of that group p. 375
Stereotype
a widely held belief and generalisation about a group of people p. 354
The bystander effect
the social psychological phenomenon which suggests that the presence (or imagined presence) of other people in an emergency situation reduces the likelihood that someone will provide help p. 405
Tri-component model of attitudes
a model which illustrates the relationship between the affective, behavioural and cognitive components of our attitudes p. 346
Unanimity
complete agreement among two or more individuals p. 397
