Social Psychology

Question 1

Cognitive bias

Answer 1

an error in thought processes that impacts rational decision making and reasoning p. 362

Question 2

Cognitive component

Answer 2

our thoughts and beliefs towards something p. 346

Question 3

Conformity

Answer 3

the alignment of one’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviour to match those of others or societal expectations p. 393

Question 4

Covert bullying

Answer 4

indirect forms of bullying, such as excluding people from group events or talking about them behind their backs p. 414

Question 5

Cyberbullying

Answer 5

bullying that involves intentionally harmful behaviour that occurs repeatedly in online spaces, such as on social media p. 414

Question 6

Deindividuation

Answer 6

the tendency for individuals to lose their sense of identity and individuality within a group p. 399

Question 7

Discrimination

Answer 7

the unjust treatment of people due to their membership within a certain social category p. 355

Question 8

External attribution

Answer 8

a judgement of the causes of a behaviour as resulting from forces outside the individual performing the behaviour p. 360

Question 9

Group

Answer 9

two or more people who interact and influence each other and share a common objective p. 374

Question 10

Informational influence

Answer 10

the influence of observable behaviours and information on an individual, influencing their behaviour in certain situations or environments p. 398

Question 11

Internal attribution

Answer 11

a judgement of the causes of a behaviour as resulting from features of the individual performing the behaviour p. 360

Question 12

Media

Answer 12

the form in which information is spread throughout society p. 419

Question 13

Normative influence

Answer 13

the influence of social norms on an individual, influencing a person to act in certain ways which align with social norms p. 397

Question 14

Obedience

Answer 14

adhering to the instructions of authority figures or the rules or laws of society p. 383

Question 15

Overt bullying

Answer 15

visible forms of bullying, such as causing physical harm or name calling p. 413

Question 16

Personal factors

Answer 16

influences on helping that stem from within the individual who is or is not going to help p. 406

Question 17

Power

Answer 17

the extent to which an individual can influence or control another individual’s thoughts, feelings and behaviour p. 375

Question 18

Prejudice

Answer 18

a negative feeling held against people within a certain group or social category p. 355

Question 19

Prosocial behaviour

Answer 19

behaviour that is intentionally and voluntarily performed in order to help another person or society p. 403

Question 20

Situational factors

Answer 20

elements of the environment or context a person is in that influences whether they help p. 404

Question 21

Social factors (on helping)

Answer 21

influences on helping that stem from other people and societal expectations p. 408

Question 22

Social loafing

Answer 22

the tendency to put in less effort when in a group than a person would when alone p. 398

Question 23

Social media

Answer 23

types of media that allow people to interact with others p. 419

Question 24

Social norms

Answer 24

society’s unofficial rules and expectations regarding how we ought to act that most people follow without thinking p. 394, 408

Question 25

Status

Answer 25

an individual’s position within a group as perceived by other members of that group p. 375

Question 26

Stereotype

Answer 26

a widely held belief and generalisation about a group of people p. 354

Question 27

The bystander effect

Answer 27

the social psychological phenomenon which suggests that the presence (or imagined presence) of other people in an emergency situation reduces the likelihood that someone will provide help p. 405

Question 28

Tri-component model of attitudes

Answer 28

a model which illustrates the relationship between the affective, behavioural and cognitive components of our attitudes p. 346

Question 29

Unanimity

Answer 29

complete agreement among two or more individuals p. 397