Social Psychology

Question 1

What are attributions?

Answer 1

Explanations for our behavior

Question 2

What is situational attribution?

Answer 2

Attribution of behavior to some external cause operating in the situation

Question 3

What is dispositional attribution?

Answer 3

attribution of one’s behavior to an internal cause. Like traits, motives, attitudes

Question 4

What is actor-observer bias?

Answer 4

Tendency of observers to make dispositional attributions for own behaviors but external causes for our own actions

Question 5

What is fundamental attribution error?

Answer 5

Tendency to overemphasize internal factors and underemphasize external ones when explaining others’ behavior

Question 6

What is self serving bias?

Answer 6

Our tendency to attribute our success to dispositional causes and failures to situational causes

Question 7

What is mere exposure effect?

Answer 7

Tendency of ppl to develop a positive evaluation of person or thing w/ repeated exposure

Question 8

What is halo effect?

Answer 8

Tendency to attribute positive or negative traits on person b/c you observed one major trait

Question 9

What is matching hypothesis?

Answer 9

The idea that ppl tend to have partners and friends who are similar to them in social aspects like physical attraction

Question 10

What is conformity?

Answer 10

Changing behavior to be consistent w/norms of group/expectations of others

Question 11

What is social facilitation?

Answer 11

Any effect on performance that can attributed to presence of others

Question 12

What is social loafing?

Answer 12

the tendency to put in less effort when working with others

Question 13

What is groupthink?

Answer 13

the tendency for members in a group to feel pressure to keep group agreement on an issue they don’t have a lot of available evidence for or consider objections

Question 14

What is deindividuation?

Answer 14

When ppl lose sense of personal identity b/c of identification w/ a group

Question 15

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 15

The unpleasant state that can ocur when ppl are aware of inconsistencies b/n attitudes and behavior

Question 16

What are the 3 components of attitude?

Answer 16

1) cognitive component
2) emotional component
3) behavioral component

Question 17

What is an example of the Explain away inconsistency?

Answer 17

I’ll exercise eventually. Not today

Question 18

What is an example of changing behavior?

Answer 18

Going to the gym

Question 19

What are examples of sources of cognitive dissonance?

Answer 19

Behavior: smoking
Attitude: not smoking is healthy

Question 20

What is an example of Change Attitude?

Answer 20

Exercising won’t make much of a difference anyways

Question 21

What is the Reduce Importance of Inconsistency?

Answer 21

I’ll just eat less, then I won’t need to exercise

Question 22

What is persuasion?

Answer 22

An attempt to influence attitudes and behavior of others

Question 23

What is the contact hypothesis?

Answer 23

Prejudice can be reduced through meeting up w/ ppl of different social groups

Question 24

How do we combat discrimination and prejudice?

Answer 24

1) Education
2) Direct contact: contact hypothesis
3) Extending boundaries of narrowly defined social groups. Don’t focus on “our school/country/religion etc.”

Question 25

What is prosocial behavior?

Answer 25

Behaviors that benefits others

Question 26

How can we explain why not everyone will help those in need?

Answer 26

1) bystander effect | 2) diffusion of responsibility

Question 27

What is the bystander effect?

Answer 27

The presence of others can influence your willingness to help others

Question 28

What is diffusion of responsibility?

Answer 28

If one person that they have to bear the responsibility alone, then fuck that. I mean, we're all supposed to help....right?

Question 29

How do ppl become aggressive?

Answer 29

Biology: high testosterone | Social learning theory: observing models