Social Psychology

Question 1

What was Milgrams Aim and Sample?

Answer 1

40 men 20-50y/o
Volunteer sample
To see if German people were more obedient than others.
To see if authority figures impacted obedience.

Question 2

Describe Milgrams procedure.

Answer 2

1) Rigged draw, ppt was always the teacher.
2) Watched confederate (Mr Wallace) be strapped to a chair in another room.
3) Given a 45V sample shock.
4) Told to increase the V by 15V for every wrong answer given.

Question 3

What was Milgrams Results and Conclusion?

Answer 3

100% obeyed to 300V
65% obeyed to 450V
Americans are just as obedient as German people.
In the presence of authority, ordinary people will obey orders even if it makes them uncomfortable.

Question 4

What were the procedural differences of V7 - Telephone Instructions?

Answer 4

The experimenter left the room after the sample shock.
Instructions given over the phone.
Prods such as “you must continue” were given over the phone.

Question 5

How many fully obeyed in V7?

Answer 5

22.5%

Question 6

What were the procedural differences in V10 - Run Down Office

Answer 6

The experiment took place in Bridgeport.
Done by a private business.
The office was scarcely furnished.

Question 7

How many fully obeyed in V10?

Answer 7

48%

Question 8

What were the procedural differences in V13 - Ordinary Man?

Answer 8

Only had 20 ppts.
The experimenter did not tell the ppts to increase the shocks.
The experimenter left the room.
The second confederate suggested increasing the voltage.

Question 9

How many fully obeyed in V13?

Answer 9

20%

Question 10

What was Burgers aim and sample?

Answer 10

49 women, 31 men.
Volunteer sample.
To study obedience in a more ethical way.
The sample were screened for mental health issues.

Question 11

What was the procedure in Burgers Baseline experiment?

Answer 11

1) Rigged draw, ppts were always the teacher.
2) Ppts given a 15V sample shock
3) Told to increase the V by 15V for each wrong answer.
4) Experiment stopped at 150V when the confederate complained about heart problems and refused to continue.

Question 12

What was the procedure in Burgers Model refusal experiment?

Answer 12

1) Rigged draw, confederate was teacher 1, ppt was teacher 2.
2) The confederate increased the voltage by 15V for each wrong answer until 90V. The confederate then refused to continue.
3) The ppt was asked to continue the experiment, from where the confederate had stopped.
4) The experiment stopped at 150V when the confederate complained about heart issues and refused to continue.

Question 13

What were the results from the baseline experiment?

Answer 13

70% obeyed fully.

Question 14

What were the results from the model refusal experiment?

Answer 14

63.3% obeyed fully.

Question 15

What did Burger find about obedience and gender?

Answer 15

There is no significant difference in obedience between genders.

Question 16

What was Burgers conclusion?

Answer 16

People are still as obedient as in the 1960s.
You can research obedience somewhat ethically.
Authority impacts obedience.

Question 17

What was Sherif’s sample and aim?

Answer 17

20 boys aged 10-11 from Oklahoma
Matched on IQ and sporting ability.
To see if the formation of in-groups and our-groups would create prejudice, and if super ordinate goals would decrease prejudice.

Question 18

What was Sherif’s procedure?

Answer 18

1) In Group Formation phase
- the boys groups were named rattlers and eagles, creating group identification
2) Friction phase
- the boys competed in baseball, and bean counting to win prizes such as knives
3) Integration phase
- the boys were given super ordinate goals such as chipping in for a movie, and fixing the water supply.

Question 19

What were Sherif’s results for the In-group formation phase?

Answer 19

There was a sense of identity formed within the groups.

Question 20

What were Sherif’s results in the friction phase?

Answer 20

The boys called eachother names e.g. ‘stinker’ and ‘sneak’

Fights occurred, as did raids (stealing and burning flags)

Question 21

What did Sherif conclude?

Answer 21

Competition and scarce resources cause prejudice.

Prejudice can be reduced by super ordinate goals.

Question 22

Individual differences

- personality

Answer 22

Authoritarian personality increases obedience.

Question 23

Individual differences

- gender

Answer 23

Females are more obedient.

Question 24

Individual differences

- locus of control

Answer 24

External locus of control increases obedience.

Question 25

Individual differences

- empathy

Answer 25

Higher empathy decreases obedience.

Question 26

What study supports the authoritarian personality’s effect on obedience?

Answer 26

Adorno created the F scale.

Milgram found those with a higher score on the F scale were more obedient.

Question 27

What study supports genders effect on obedience?

Answer 27

Sheridan and King

Women were more compliant in shocking a puppy.

Question 28

What study conflicts genders effects on obedience?

Answer 28

Burger found that women showed more anxiety but there was no difference in obedience.

Question 29

What study supports the locus of controls effect on obedience?

Answer 29

Milgram found that those who had disobeyed had felt responsible (internal LOC) whereas those who obeyed felt the authority was responsible (external LOC)

Question 30

What study conflicts empathy’s effect on obedience?

Answer 30

Burger found those with higher empathy protested more, but still obeyed.