Cognitive Psychology

Question 1

What are the three parts of the memory in the MSM?

Answer 1

1) sensory memory
2) STM
3) LTM

Question 2

How does information move from the sensory memory to the STM?

Answer 2

Paying attention to the information.

Question 3

How does information move from the STM to the LTM?

Answer 3

rehearsal

Question 4

Sensory memory:

1) encoding
2) capacity
3) duration

Answer 4

1) 5 senses
2) up to 10 items
3) less than 2 seconds

Question 5

STM:

1) encoding
2) capacity
3) duration

Answer 5

1) acoustically
2) 5-9 items
3) 30 seconds

Question 6

LTM:

1) encoding
2) capacity
3) duration

Answer 6

1) semantically
2) unlimited
3) unlimited

Question 7

How does Baddeley support the MSM?

Answer 7

Supports that the LTM is semantically encoded, and the STM is acoustically encoded

Question 8

How does Clive Wearing support MSM?

Answer 8

He damaged his LTM, but had a functioning STM. Shows they are different stores.

Question 9

How is the MSM useful?

Answer 9

Explains how to revise effectively and how it works.

Question 10

Why is the WMM better than MSM?

Answer 10

The WMM is a more holistic explanation of the STM

Question 11

What are the issues with the supporting studies of the MSM?

Answer 11

They are lab studies (low eco val)

They are case studies (low gen)

Question 12

What does KC’s case conflict with in the MSM?

Answer 12

KC shows the LTM is more complicated so the MSM is too reductionist

Question 13

In the WMM, what slave systems does the CE operate?

Answer 13

The PL and VSSP

Question 14

What two stores does the VSSP operate?

Answer 14

visual store

spatial store

Question 15

What two stores does the PL operate?

Answer 15

the inner ear

the inner voice

Question 16

When was the episodic buffer introduced?

Answer 16

2001

Question 17

Explain Dual Task Abilities

Answer 17

Two tasks can be completed at one time if they use separate stores.

Question 18

How does KF support WMM?

Answer 18

KF suffered STM damage. His visual memory was unaffected, but his verbal was. Shows they are different stores.

Question 19

How does Robin’s study support Dual Task Abilities?

Answer 19

People playing chess whilst pressing keyboard buttons had impaired function.

Question 20

How is the WMM useful?

Answer 20

Explains how the central executive declines, so we understand how dementia works.

Question 21

What part of the WMM is more holistic than the MSM?

Answer 21

The description of the STM.

Question 22

What conflicting evidence have brain scans shown?

Answer 22

No evidence of the CE.

Question 23

What is the issue with the supporting studies of WMM?

Answer 23

Lab experiments (low eco val)
Case studies (low gen)

Question 24

What area of the WMM is reductionist?

Answer 24

The description of the LTM

Question 25

What is a Schema?

Answer 25

Mental representation of past events/ objects/ people. | Everyone’s are different as they’re based on past experiences.

Question 26

What is Familiarisation?

Answer 26

When a person changes unfamiliar details in a memory to fit to their current schemas

Question 27

What is rationalisation?

Answer 27

When a person changes details of memories to give reason to something that didn’t logically fit with the current schemas

Question 28

What is confabulation?

Answer 28

Schemas fill in blanks based on experiences.

Question 29

What is omission?

Answer 29

Leaving out troubling or distressing details of a memory

Question 30

How does the ‘War of Ghosts’ study support Reconstructive memory?

Answer 30

Canoes became boats | Seal hunting became fishing

Question 31

What positive does Reconstructive theory have that other theories lack?

Answer 31

It explains errors in memory

Question 32

Why is Reconstructive theory useful?

Answer 32

Understanding why eye witness reports are not reliable

Question 33

What does the Reconstructive theory not mention?

Answer 33

Storage of memory. No STM or LTM.

Question 34

What is the issue with the ‘Ghost War’ study?

Answer 34

Was not standardised (low rel) | Was a lab experiment (low eco val)

Question 35

What does the Reconstructive theory not explain?

Answer 35

Why sometimes unusual things that stand out from schemas are recalled more vividly

Question 36

What is Tulving’s Theory?

Answer 36

The LTM is made up of episodic and semantic memory

Question 37

What is the episodic memory?

Answer 37

The memory of events and general information

Question 38

How is the episodic memory encoded?

Answer 38

Time (chronologically) and Spatially encoded.

Question 39

What is the semantic memory?

Answer 39

The memory of facts, figures and knowledge.

Question 40

How is the semantic memory encoded?

Answer 40

It is not time or spatially encoded

Question 41

Explain ‘cues’

Answer 41

The episodic memory is linked to the 5 senses. | So cues can be used to help recall episodic memories.

Question 42

What is Tulvings theory a more holistic description of?

Answer 42

The LTM

Question 43

How does KC support this theory?

Answer 43

KC couldn’t recall episodic information, but could recall semantic information.

Question 44

How is Tulvings theory useful?

Answer 44

Can use cues to help those with dementia recall episodic memories.

Question 45

What does this theory not explain?

Answer 45

The STM. It is less usefully than MSM.

Question 46

What is the scientific issue with Tulvings theory?

Answer 46

It cannot be empirically tested due to the LTM being retrospective

Question 47

Why is Tulvings theory too reductionistic?

Answer 47

There is a lot of overlap between the two stores.