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Psychology - Theories > Cognitive Psychology > Flashcards

Cognitive Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three parts of the memory in the MSM?

A

1) sensory memory
2) STM
3) LTM

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2
Q

How does information move from the sensory memory to the STM?

A

Paying attention to the information.

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3
Q

How does information move from the STM to the LTM?

A

rehearsal

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4
Q

Sensory memory:

1) encoding
2) capacity
3) duration

A

1) 5 senses
2) up to 10 items
3) less than 2 seconds

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5
Q

STM:

1) encoding
2) capacity
3) duration

A

1) acoustically
2) 5-9 items
3) 30 seconds

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6
Q

LTM:

1) encoding
2) capacity
3) duration

A

1) semantically
2) unlimited
3) unlimited

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7
Q

How does Baddeley support the MSM?

A

Supports that the LTM is semantically encoded, and the STM is acoustically encoded

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8
Q

How does Clive Wearing support MSM?

A

He damaged his LTM, but had a functioning STM. Shows they are different stores.

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9
Q

How is the MSM useful?

A

Explains how to revise effectively and how it works.

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10
Q

Why is the WMM better than MSM?

A

The WMM is a more holistic explanation of the STM

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11
Q

What are the issues with the supporting studies of the MSM?

A

They are lab studies (low eco val)

They are case studies (low gen)

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12
Q

What does KC’s case conflict with in the MSM?

A

KC shows the LTM is more complicated so the MSM is too reductionist

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13
Q

In the WMM, what slave systems does the CE operate?

A

The PL and VSSP

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14
Q

What two stores does the VSSP operate?

A

visual store

spatial store

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15
Q

What two stores does the PL operate?

A

the inner ear

the inner voice

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16
Q

When was the episodic buffer introduced?

A

2001

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17
Q

Explain Dual Task Abilities

A

Two tasks can be completed at one time if they use separate stores.

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18
Q

How does KF support WMM?

A

KF suffered STM damage. His visual memory was unaffected, but his verbal was. Shows they are different stores.

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19
Q

How does Robin’s study support Dual Task Abilities?

A

People playing chess whilst pressing keyboard buttons had impaired function.

20
Q

How is the WMM useful?

A

Explains how the central executive declines, so we understand how dementia works.

21
Q

What part of the WMM is more holistic than the MSM?

A

The description of the STM.

22
Q

What conflicting evidence have brain scans shown?

A

No evidence of the CE.

23
Q

What is the issue with the supporting studies of WMM?

A 
Lab experiments (low eco val)
Case studies (low gen)
24
Q

What area of the WMM is reductionist?

A

The description of the LTM

25
Q

What is a Schema?

A

Mental representation of past events/ objects/ people.

Everyone’s are different as they’re based on past experiences.

26
Q

What is Familiarisation?

A

When a person changes unfamiliar details in a memory to fit to their current schemas

27
Q

What is rationalisation?

A

When a person changes details of memories to give reason to something that didn’t logically fit with the current schemas

28
Q

What is confabulation?

A

Schemas fill in blanks based on experiences.

29
Q

What is omission?

A

Leaving out troubling or distressing details of a memory

30
Q

How does the ‘War of Ghosts’ study support Reconstructive memory?

A

Canoes became boats

Seal hunting became fishing

31
Q

What positive does Reconstructive theory have that other theories lack?

A

It explains errors in memory

32
Q

Why is Reconstructive theory useful?

A

Understanding why eye witness reports are not reliable

33
Q

What does the Reconstructive theory not mention?

A

Storage of memory. No STM or LTM.

34
Q

What is the issue with the ‘Ghost War’ study?

A

Was not standardised (low rel)

Was a lab experiment (low eco val)

35
Q

What does the Reconstructive theory not explain?

A

Why sometimes unusual things that stand out from schemas are recalled more vividly

36
Q

What is Tulving’s Theory?

A

The LTM is made up of episodic and semantic memory

37
Q

What is the episodic memory?

A

The memory of events and general information

38
Q

How is the episodic memory encoded?

A

Time (chronologically) and Spatially encoded.

39
Q

What is the semantic memory?

A

The memory of facts, figures and knowledge.

40
Q

How is the semantic memory encoded?

A

It is not time or spatially encoded

41
Q

Explain ‘cues’

A

The episodic memory is linked to the 5 senses.

So cues can be used to help recall episodic memories.

42
Q

What is Tulvings theory a more holistic description of?

A

The LTM

43
Q

How does KC support this theory?

A

KC couldn’t recall episodic information, but could recall semantic information.

44
Q

How is Tulvings theory useful?

A

Can use cues to help those with dementia recall episodic memories.

45
Q

What does this theory not explain?

A

The STM. It is less usefully than MSM.

46
Q

What is the scientific issue with Tulvings theory?

A

It cannot be empirically tested due to the LTM being retrospective

47
Q

Why is Tulvings theory too reductionistic?

A

There is a lot of overlap between the two stores.

Psychology - Theories (4 decks)

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