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Psychology - Theories > Learning Psychology > Flashcards

Learning Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the classical conditioning formula?

A

UCS -> UCR
UCS + NS -> UCR
CS -> CR

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2
Q

In CC, what is extinction?

A

When a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus stops occurring.

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3
Q

In CC, what is spontaneous recovery?

A

When a lost conditioned response suddenly comes back.

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4
Q

In CC, what is generalisation?

A

When similar stimuli produce the same conditioned response.

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5
Q

In CC, what is discrimination?

A

When similar stimuli do not produce the same conditioned response.

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6
Q

How does Pavlov support CC?

A

The dogs associated the bell with food, and began salivating at the sound of the bell.

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7
Q

How does Little Albert support CC?

A

Albert associated the bang with the white rabbit. He was then scared of the white rabbit and also generalised this fear.

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8
Q

What is a scientific strength of CC?

A

It is empirical as it measures real behaviour.

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9
Q

How is CC reductionist?

A

It ignores biological explanations for fear, such as evolutionary.

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10
Q

How is CC deterministic?

A

Suggests people are just operating through the formula.

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11
Q

What is the issue with supporting research on CC?

A

Research on animals is not generalisable to humans.

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12
Q

In OC, what is positive reinforcement?

A

Giving something good to continue a behaviour.

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13
Q

In OC, what is positive punishment?

A

Given something bad to stop the behaviour.

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14
Q

In OC, what is negative reinforcement?

A

Taking away something bad to continue the behaviour.

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15
Q

In OC, what is negative punishment?

A

Taking away something good to stop the behaviour.

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16
Q

What is a primary reinforcer?

A

The satisfaction of a basic survival need.

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17
Q

What is a secondary reinforcer?

A

Fulfilling because they are used to satisfy primary reinforcers.

18
Q

In OC, what is continuous reinforcement?

A

When the behaviour is reinforced each time it occurs.

19
Q

In OC, what is partial reinforcement?

A

When a behaviour is only reinforced after so many times the behaviour occurs.

20
Q

In OC, what is a fixed interval?

A

When a behaviour is rewarded after a set amount of time.

21
Q

In OC, what is a variable interval?

A

When a behaviour is rewarded, and then rewarded after different amount of times afterwards.

22
Q

In OC, what is a fixed ratio?

A

When a behaviour is rewarded after a specified amount of responses.

23
Q

In OC, what is a variable ratio?

A

When the behaviour is rewarded after a different amount of responses each time.

24
Q

How is OC useful?

A

Shows how to change behaviours, such as using a token economy in school or prisons.

25
Q

What is a scientific strength of OC?

A

Measures real behaviour so is empirical.

26
Q

Why is OC reductionist?

A

It ignores biological explanations, such as evolutionary reasons for fear.

27
Q

Why is OC deterministic?

A

It suggests you do not have free will and are just responding in a set way to set stimuli.

28
Q

How does SLT believe we learn?

A

Through observation.

29
Q

In SLT, what is attention?

A

Focussing on or noticing a behaviour of a role model.

30
Q

In SLT, what is a role model?

A

An individual we look up to.

31
Q

In SLT, what is retention?

A

Storing the information in your memory.

32
Q

In SLT, what is identification?

A

Relating to the role model.

33
Q

In SLT, what is reproduction?

A

Having the skills or ability to initiate the behaviour of the role model.

34
Q

In SLT, what is motivation?

A

What drives you to imitate the role model.
Intrinsic, makes you feel good.
Extrinsic, a type of reward.

35
Q

In SLT, what is vicarious reinforcement?

A

Seeing the role model receive a reward for the behaviour which encourages the imitation.

36
Q

How does Bandura (1961/63) support SLT?

A

The children copied the real life and filmed aggression of role models.

37
Q

How is SLT useful?

A

Introducing age restrictions and watershed to prevent aggression or inappropriate acts being shown to children.

38
Q

How is SLT scientifically strong?

A

It measures direct behaviour so is empirical.

39
Q

How is SLT reductionist?

A

SLT ignores the hormone explanation for aggression.

40
Q

How is SLT deterministic?

A

You do not have free will, you are simply copying those around you.

41
Q

How does Charlton conflict SLT?

A

The introduction of TV to St Helena Island did not increase aggression.

Psychology - Theories (4 decks)

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