Social Psych Exam 2 Flashcards
aggression
Behavior intended to harm another individual
aggression consists of
voilence, anger, or hostility
violence
Extreme acts of aggression
Anger:
consists of strong feelings of displeasure in response to a perceived injury; the exact nature of these feelings (for example, outrage, hate, or irritation) depends on the specific situation
hositility
a negative, antagonistic attitude toward another person or group
Proactive aggression
- Aggressive behavior whereby harm is inflicted as a means to a desired end (also called instrumental aggression)
- Anticipation of a reward: harming someone for personal gain, or attention
Reactive aggression
- Aggressive behavior where the means and the end coincide; harm is inflicted for its own sake
- Impulsive, carried out in the head of the moment OR it can also be calm, cool, and calculating. Much more impulsive.
individualistic cultures
Individualistic cultures, which are less concerned with social harmony and the avoidance of open conflict, are most likely to have a relatively high rate of aggression (but no difference in women)
Actor-observer bias
is the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal causes, while attributing our own behavior to external causes
Bystander effect
when other people are present, each individual person feels less obligated to help. In a group setting, it is less likely that any one person will help than if someone is witnessing the energy alone
Diffusion of responsibility
when other people are around, we ‘diffuse’ (or spread) the responsibility for helping to other people
The chameleon effect
○ When we unconsciously mimic things like behavior, posture, facial expression, and mannerisms of someone else in their social environment
why does chamelon effect happen?
To increase social likeability
Conformity
the tendency to change our perceptions, opinions, or behavior in ways that are consistent with group norms
Compliance
changes in behavior that are elicited by direct requests
Obedience
behavior change produced by the commands of authority
Prosocial behavior
actions intended to help others
Reciprocal altruism
if I do something for someone then they might do something for yo
Attribution bias
Attribution bias is when the speed of system 1 can cause bias or inaccurate thoughts/views/opinions,/etc
Availability heuristic
The tendence to estimate the likelihood that an event will occur based on how easily instances of it come to mind
Base-rate fallacy
people are relatively insensitive to consensus information presented in the form of numerical base rates. (i.e. people are scared of airplanes even though they’re more likely to die in a car crash than the plane to crash)
False consensus effect
- The tendency for people to overestimate the extent to which other share their opinions, attributes, and behaviors
- i.e. thinking that more people voted the same as you in an election
Counterfactual thinking
- The tendence to imagine alternative events or outcomes that might have occurred but did not
(i.e. don’t want to go to the grocery store, so I look outside and see clouds and think oh it might rain I shouldn’t go. Well it didn’t rain, but I never go because I imagined it was going to. )
Fundamental attribution error
The tendency to focus on the role of personal causes and underestimate the impact of situations on other people’s behaviors
Actor-Observer Bias
We make internal attributions for others’ behaviors, but situation attributions for our own
Belief perseverance:
the tendency to maintain beliefs even after they have been discredited
Corporal Punishment:
physical force (such as spanking or hitting) intended to cause a child pain, but not injury, for the purpose of controlling or correcting the child’s behavior
