Social Psych Exam 2

Question 1

aggression

Answer 1

Behavior intended to harm another individual

Question 2

aggression consists of

Answer 2

voilence, anger, or hostility

Question 3

violence

Answer 3

Extreme acts of aggression

Question 4

Anger:

Answer 4

consists of strong feelings of displeasure in response to a perceived injury; the exact nature of these feelings (for example, outrage, hate, or irritation) depends on the specific situation

Question 5

hositility

Answer 5

a negative, antagonistic attitude toward another person or group

Question 6

Proactive aggression

Answer 6

• Aggressive behavior whereby harm is inflicted as a means to a desired end (also called instrumental aggression)
• Anticipation of a reward: harming someone for personal gain, or attention

Question 7

Reactive aggression

Answer 7

• Aggressive behavior where the means and the end coincide; harm is inflicted for its own sake
• Impulsive, carried out in the head of the moment OR it can also be calm, cool, and calculating. Much more impulsive.

Question 8

individualistic cultures

Answer 8

Individualistic cultures, which are less concerned with social harmony and the avoidance of open conflict, are most likely to have a relatively high rate of aggression (but no difference in women)

Question 9

Actor-observer bias

Answer 9

is the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal causes, while attributing our own behavior to external causes

Question 10

Bystander effect

Answer 10

when other people are present, each individual person feels less obligated to help. In a group setting, it is less likely that any one person will help than if someone is witnessing the energy alone

Question 11

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 11

when other people are around, we ‘diffuse’ (or spread) the responsibility for helping to other people

Question 12

The chameleon effect

Answer 12

○ When we unconsciously mimic things like behavior, posture, facial expression, and mannerisms of someone else in their social environment

Question 13

why does chamelon effect happen?

Answer 13

To increase social likeability

Question 15

Conformity

Answer 15

the tendency to change our perceptions, opinions, or behavior in ways that are consistent with group norms

Question 16

Compliance

Answer 16

changes in behavior that are elicited by direct requests

Question 17

Obedience

Answer 17

behavior change produced by the commands of authority

Question 18

Prosocial behavior

Answer 18

actions intended to help others

Question 19

Reciprocal altruism

Answer 19

if I do something for someone then they might do something for yo

Question 20

Attribution bias

Answer 20

Attribution bias is when the speed of system 1 can cause bias or inaccurate thoughts/views/opinions,/etc

Question 21

Availability heuristic

Answer 21

The tendence to estimate the likelihood that an event will occur based on how easily instances of it come to mind

Question 22

Base-rate fallacy

Answer 22

people are relatively insensitive to consensus information presented in the form of numerical base rates. (i.e. people are scared of airplanes even though they’re more likely to die in a car crash than the plane to crash)

Question 23

False consensus effect

Answer 23

• The tendency for people to overestimate the extent to which other share their opinions, attributes, and behaviors
• i.e. thinking that more people voted the same as you in an election

Question 24

Counterfactual thinking

Answer 24

• The tendence to imagine alternative events or outcomes that might have occurred but did not
  (i.e. don’t want to go to the grocery store, so I look outside and see clouds and think oh it might rain I shouldn’t go. Well it didn’t rain, but I never go because I imagined it was going to. )

Question 25

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 25

The tendency to focus on the role of personal causes and underestimate the impact of situations on other people’s behaviors

Question 26

Actor-Observer Bias

Answer 26

We make internal attributions for others’ behaviors, but situation attributions for our own

Question 27

Belief perseverance:

Answer 27

the tendency to maintain beliefs even after they have been discredited

Question 28

Corporal Punishment:

Answer 28

physical force (such as spanking or hitting) intended to cause a child pain, but not injury, for the purpose of controlling or correcting the child’s behavior