Social Processes that Influence Human Behavior

Question 1

social facilitation

Answer 1

the tendency of people to perform better on tasks while in the presence of others

Question 2

deindividuation

Answer 2

the tendency of individual behavior to be drastically different in social environments due to the perceived anonymity of a large group

Question 3

bystander effect

Answer 3

the tendency of individuals to not intervene to help victims when others are present.

Question 4

social loafing

Answer 4

the tendency of individuals to put in less effort when in a group setting than individually

Question 5

peer pressure

Answer 5

the social influence placed on an individual by a group of people or another individual

Question 6

identity shift effect

Answer 6

when an individual’s state of harmony is disrupted by a threat of social rejection, the individual will begin to conform to a group. to eliminate the sense of conflict related to behaving uncharacteristically, the individual will begin to adopt standards of the group as their own.

Question 7

cognitive dissonance

Answer 7

the simultaneous presence of two opposing thoughts and opinions

Question 8

conformity

Answer 8

matching one’s attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to societal norms

Question 9

obedience

Answer 9

changing one’s behavior in response to a direct order from an authority figure

Question 10

mores

Answer 10

widely observed social norms

Question 11

social control

Answer 11

provides a mechanism for regulating the behavior of groups and individuals

Question 12

group polarization

Answer 12

the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the individual ideas and inclinations of the members within the group

Question 13

groupthink

Answer 13

social phenomenon in which desire for harmony or conformity results in a group of people coming to an incorrect or poor decision

Question 14

illusion of invulnerability

Answer 14

the creation of optimism and encouragement of risk-taking. indicative of groupthink.

Question 15

collective rationalization

Answer 15

ignoring warnings agains the ideas of the group. indicative of groupthink.

Question 16

illusion of morality

Answer 16

the belief that the group’s decisions are morally correct. indicative of groupthink.

Question 17

excessive stereotyping

Answer 17

the construction of stereotypes against outside opinions. indicative of groupthink.

Question 18

pressure for conformity

Answer 18

the pressure put on anyone in the group who expresses opinions against the group, viewing the opposition as disloyal. indicative of groupthink.

Question 19

self-censorship

Answer 19

the withholding of opposing views. indicative of groupthink.

Question 20

illusion of unanimity

Answer 20

the false sense of agreement within the group. indicative of groupthink.

Question 21

mindguards

Answer 21

the appointment of members to the role of protecting against opposing views. indicative of groupthink.

Question 22

sanctions

Answer 22

penalties for misconduct or rewards for appropriate behavior, used to maintain social control

Question 23

taboo

Answer 23

something that is socially unacceptable, disgusting, or reprehensible

Question 24

folkways

Answer 24

norms that refer to behavior that is considered polite in particular social interactions

Question 25

anomie

Answer 25

a lack of social norms or the breakdown of social bonds between an individual and society

Question 26

deviance

Answer 26

any violation of norms, rules, or expectations within society

Question 27

labeling theory

Answer 27

posits that the labels that are given to people affect not only how others respond to that person, but also that person’s self-image

Question 28

differential association theory

Answer 28

deviance can be learned through interactions with others. differential association is the degree to which one is surrounded by ideals that adhere to social norms vs. ideals that go against them.

Question 29

strain theory

Answer 29

posits that deviance is a natural reaction to the disconnect between social goals and social structure.

Question 30

fads

Answer 30

behaviors that are transiently viewed as popular and desirable by a large community

Question 31

mass hysteria

Answer 31

a shared intense concern about threats to society

Question 32

primary socialization

Answer 32

occurs during childhood when we initially learn acceptable actions and attitudes through observation of adults in close proximity

Question 33

secondary socialization

Answer 33

the process of learning acceptable behaviors within smaller sections of larger society

Question 34

anticipatory socialization

Answer 34

the process of preparing for a future change in occupations, living situations, or relationships

Question 35

resocialization

Answer 35

the process of discarding old behaviors in favor of new ones to make a life change. can have positive or negative connotations.