Self-Identity

Question 1

hierarchy of salience

Answer 1

we let a given situation dictate which of our identities holds the most importance for us at any given moment

Question 2

self-esteem

Answer 2

measure of how we feel about ourselves

Question 3

self-efficacy

Answer 3

our belief in our ability to succeed

Question 4

what is freud’s theory of development called?

Answer 4

psychosexual development

Question 5

fixation

Answer 5

occurs when a child is overindulged or overly frustrated during a stage of development. leads to adult neurosis. (Freud)

Question 6

oral stage

Answer 6

0 - 1 year. gratification is obtained mainly by putting objects in the mouth, biting, and sucking. orally fixated adults exhibit dependency. (Freud)

Question 7

anal stage

Answer 7

1 - 3 years. gratification is gained through elimination and retention of waste materials. fixation here leads to excessive orderliness or sloppiness in adults. (Freud)

Question 8

phallic or Oedipal stage

Answer 8

3 - 5 years. centers on resolution of Oedipal conflict/Electra conflict. Males have castration fear, females have penis envy. Sublimation of libidinal energy happens in this stage. (Freud)

Question 9

genital stage

Answer 9

according to Freud, if prior development has proceeded correctly, the adult should enter into healthy heterosexual relationships. (Freud)

Question 10

what is Erikson’s theory of development called?

Answer 10

psychosocial development (8 stages)

Question 11

trust vs. mistrust

Answer 11

0 - 1 year. if resolved successfully, a child will trust their environment as well as themself. if not, the child will have mistrust for the world. (Erikson)

Question 12

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Answer 12

1 - 3 years. if resolved successfully, the child will feel able to control the world and exercise choice and self-restraint. (Erikson)

Question 13

initiative vs. guilt

Answer 13

3 - 6 years. favorable outcomes include a sense of purpose, ability to initiate activities, and ability to enjoy accomplishments. (Erikson)

Question 14

industry vs. inferiority

Answer 14

6 to 12 years. Favorable outcomes include the child feeling competent, able to affect the world in a way that they desire. Unfavorable outcomes include low self-esteem and inadequacy. (Erikson)

Question 15

identity vs. role confusion

Answer 15

12 to 20 years. Favorable outcome is fidelity, the ability to see oneself as a unique individual. Unfavorable outcomes include shifts in identity and amorphous personality. (Erikson)

Question 16

intimacy vs. isolation

Answer 16

20 to 40 years. Favorable outcomes are love, ability to have intimate relationships with others, and to commit oneself to another person and one’s own goals. Unfavorable outcomes include alienation and social withdrawal. (Erikson)

Question 17

generativity vs. stagnation

Answer 17

40 to 65 years. Successful resolution includes being a productive, caring member of society. Unsuccessful resolution includes boredom, self-indulgence, and narcissism. (Erikson)

Question 18

integrity vs. despair

Answer 18

65+ years. Favorable outcomes include wisdom, dignity, and acceptance. Unfavorable outcomes include bitterness, worthlessness, and fear of death. (Erikson)

Question 19

What is Kohlberg’s theory of development called?

Answer 19

Theory of Moral Development. (3 stages)

Question 20

preconventional morality

Answer 20

Phase 1, consist of 2 stages. STAGE 1: Obedience, concerned with avoiding punishment. STAGE 2: Self-interest, concerned with obtaining rewards. (Kohlberg)

Question 21

conventional morality

Answer 21

Phase 2, consists of 2 stages. STAGE 3: Conformity, places emphasis on seeking approval from others. STAGE 4: Law and Order, maintains social order in the highest regard. (Kohlberg)

Question 22

postconventional morality

Answer 22

Phase 3, consists of 2 stages. STAGE 5: Social Contract, views moral rules as conventions designed to ensure greater good with reasoning focused on individual rights. STAGE 6: Universal Human Ethics, decisions should be made in consideration of abstract principles. (Kohlberg)