Self-Identity Flashcards
Content Category 8A: self-concept, self-identity, social identity, and formation of identity
hierarchy of salience
we let a given situation dictate which of our identities holds the most importance for us at any given moment
self-esteem
measure of how we feel about ourselves
self-efficacy
our belief in our ability to succeed
what is freud’s theory of development called?
psychosexual development
fixation
occurs when a child is overindulged or overly frustrated during a stage of development. leads to adult neurosis. (Freud)
oral stage
0 - 1 year. gratification is obtained mainly by putting objects in the mouth, biting, and sucking. orally fixated adults exhibit dependency. (Freud)
anal stage
1 - 3 years. gratification is gained through elimination and retention of waste materials. fixation here leads to excessive orderliness or sloppiness in adults. (Freud)
phallic or Oedipal stage
3 - 5 years. centers on resolution of Oedipal conflict/Electra conflict. Males have castration fear, females have penis envy. Sublimation of libidinal energy happens in this stage. (Freud)
genital stage
according to Freud, if prior development has proceeded correctly, the adult should enter into healthy heterosexual relationships. (Freud)
what is Erikson’s theory of development called?
psychosocial development (8 stages)
trust vs. mistrust
0 - 1 year. if resolved successfully, a child will trust their environment as well as themself. if not, the child will have mistrust for the world. (Erikson)
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
1 - 3 years. if resolved successfully, the child will feel able to control the world and exercise choice and self-restraint. (Erikson)
initiative vs. guilt
3 - 6 years. favorable outcomes include a sense of purpose, ability to initiate activities, and ability to enjoy accomplishments. (Erikson)
industry vs. inferiority
6 to 12 years. Favorable outcomes include the child feeling competent, able to affect the world in a way that they desire. Unfavorable outcomes include low self-esteem and inadequacy. (Erikson)
identity vs. role confusion
12 to 20 years. Favorable outcome is fidelity, the ability to see oneself as a unique individual. Unfavorable outcomes include shifts in identity and amorphous personality. (Erikson)
intimacy vs. isolation
20 to 40 years. Favorable outcomes are love, ability to have intimate relationships with others, and to commit oneself to another person and one’s own goals. Unfavorable outcomes include alienation and social withdrawal. (Erikson)
generativity vs. stagnation
40 to 65 years. Successful resolution includes being a productive, caring member of society. Unsuccessful resolution includes boredom, self-indulgence, and narcissism. (Erikson)
integrity vs. despair
65+ years. Favorable outcomes include wisdom, dignity, and acceptance. Unfavorable outcomes include bitterness, worthlessness, and fear of death. (Erikson)
What is Kohlberg’s theory of development called?
Theory of Moral Development. (3 stages)
preconventional morality
Phase 1, consist of 2 stages. STAGE 1: Obedience, concerned with avoiding punishment. STAGE 2: Self-interest, concerned with obtaining rewards. (Kohlberg)
conventional morality
Phase 2, consists of 2 stages. STAGE 3: Conformity, places emphasis on seeking approval from others. STAGE 4: Law and Order, maintains social order in the highest regard. (Kohlberg)
postconventional morality
Phase 3, consists of 2 stages. STAGE 5: Social Contract, views moral rules as conventions designed to ensure greater good with reasoning focused on individual rights. STAGE 6: Universal Human Ethics, decisions should be made in consideration of abstract principles. (Kohlberg)
