social problem vocabulary

Question 1

poverty /ˈpɑvɚti/ noun

Answer 1

the situation or experience of being poor
Ex: families living in poverty
- I was shocked by the abject/extreme poverty that I saw.

Question 2

recession /rɪˈsɛʆən/ noun [countable]

Answer 2

a period of time when there is less business activity, trade, etc. than usual
-sự lùi lại, sự thụt lại, sự lùi vào
EX: an economic recession
-a country struggling out of recession

Question 3

havoc /ˈhævək/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 3

a situation in which there is a lot of confusion and damage
-sự tàn phá
EX: a bus strike that caused/created havoc in the city’s streets
- The war will wreak havoc on the country’s economy.

Question 4

asset /ˈæsɛt/ noun

Answer 4

assets [plural] a company's assets are the things it owns
-tài sản
EX: real assets
bất động sản
-personal assets
động sản

Question 5

entail /ɪnˈteɪl/ verb [transitive]

Answer 5

đòi hỏi; gây ra, đưa đến
EX: a high position entails great responsibility
- Does your job entail much traveling?

Question 6

encompass /ɪnˈkʌmpəs/ verb [transitive]

Answer 6

1. to include a range of ideas, subjects, etc. (bao gồm chứa đựng)
   EX: Crosby’s career encompassed radio, records, TV, and movies.
2. to completely cover or surround an area (vây quanh, bao quanh)
   EX: a national park encompassing 400 square miles
   [EX in book: The command over resources that wealth entails is more encompassing than income or education.]

Question 7

preserve /prɪˈzɚv/ verb [transitive]

Answer 7

to keep something or someone from being harmed, destroyed, or changed too much
- giữ, giữ gìn, bảo quản, bảo tồn, duy trì
EX: to preserve someone from the cold
-Wealth preserve the division between the wealthy and the nonwealthy.

Question 8

mechanism /ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm/ noun [countable]

Answer 8

the part of a machine that does a particular job
-máy móc, cơ cấu, cơ chế ((nghĩa đen) & (nghĩa bóng))
EX: the mechanism of government
cơ cấu chính quyền

Question 9

depreciate /dɪˈpriʆiˌeɪt/ verb [intransitive]

Answer 9

to decrease in value or price

EX: A new car depreciates as soon as it is driven.

Question 10

threshold /ˈθrɛʆhoʊld, -ʆoʊld/ noun [countable]

Answer 10

on the threshold of something at the beginning of a new and important event or development (bước đầu, ngưỡng cửa)
Ex: to stand on the threshold of life
đứng trước ngưỡng cửa của cuộc đời

-on the threshold of a new century
bước vào một thế kỷ mới

Question 11

vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbəl/ adjective

Answer 11

easy to harm, hurt, or attack [≠ invulnerable]
EX: The army was in a vulnerable position.
- She looked so young and vulnerable.

Question 12

ascension (n)

Answer 12

sự lên
EX: balloon ascension
-sự bay lên bằng khí cầu
EX: ascension to power
(từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ) sự lên nắm chính quyền

Question 13

enormous /ɪˈnɔrməs/ adjective

Answer 13

extremely large in size or amount [= huge]:
EX: You should see their house - it’s enormous!
- an enormous amount of work

Question 14

stave something ↔ off (phrasal verb)

Answer 14

to stop someone or something from reaching you or affecting you for a period of time.
-ngăn chặn, phòng ngừa, tránh
EX: She ate an apple to stave off hunger.

Question 15

undernourished /ˌʌndɚˈnɚɪʆt, -ˈnʌrɪʆt/ (adjective)

Answer 15

not healthy because you have not eaten enough food or the right type of food

Question 16

spike (verb)

Answer 16

if a number, price, rate, etc. spikes, it increases quickly
EX: His temperature had spiked.
-Spiking food prices have bought pain at supermarket checkout counters.

Question 17

consensus /kənˈsɛnsəs/ noun [singular, uncountable]

Answer 17

an agreement that everyone in a group reaches

EX: We failed to reach a consensus on the issue.

Question 18

divert /dəˈvɚt/ verb [transitive]

Answer 18

1-divert (somebody’s) attention from something to stop someone from paying attention to something
EX: The war will divert attention from the country’s economic problems.
2-to change the direction in which something travels
EX: Traffic is being diverted to avoid the accident.
3-to use something for a different purpose
EX: They plan to divert money from production to design.

Question 19

crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ noun

Answer 19

a time when a situation is very bad or dangerous

EX: In times of crisis you find out who your real friends are.

Question 20

subsidize /ˈsʌbsəˌdaɪz/ verb [transitive]

Answer 20

to pay part of the cost of something
-trợ cấp, phụ cấp
EX: to be subsidized by the State
được nhà nước trợ cấp
EX: housing that is subsidized by the government
- subsidized health care (subsidized (adj)

Question 21

shut out somebody

Answer 21

shut out somebody to defeat an opposing team and prevent them from getting any points
Ex: The Blue Jays shut out the Phillies 3-0.

Question 22

double whammy (noun) [countable]

Answer 22

two bad things that happen at the same time or one after the other

Question 23

climate

Answer 23

khí hậu, thời tiết
EX: continental climate
khí hậu lục địa

Question 24

subside /səbˈsaɪd/ verb [intransitive]

Answer 24

to become less strong or loud
EX: The storm subsided around dawn.
-rút xuống, rút bớt (nước lụt…)

Question 25

subsidy /ˈsʌbsədi/ noun

Answer 25

money that is paid by a government or organization in order to reduce the cost of something
EX: government subsidies for small farmers

Question 26

heft /ˈhɛfti/ adjective

Answer 26

big, heavy, or strong

EX: a hefty man