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AP GOV UNIT 4 > SOCIAL MOVEMENTS > Flashcards

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Flashcards

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1
Q

Redemptive SM

A
  • total change in individuals
  • most often religious movements; salvation through complete personal change
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2
Q

Societal SM

A
  • total social change
  • EX: revolutions, banning alcohol, change from monarch to a president
  • Russia, Iran, China
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3
Q

Alternative SM

A
  • Partial individual change
  • EX: promoting recycling
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4
Q

Reformative SM

A
  • partial social change
  • want to be included equally in the already established system
  • EX: women’s suffrage movement
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5
Q

Social Deprivation Theory

A

focuses on groups who are oppressed/deprived of societal rights (EX: Civil Rights Movement)

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6
Q

3 Components of the SDT

A
  • relative deprivation based on individual perception
  • feeling of deserving better
  • a belief that conventional methods will not work
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7
Q

Resource Motivation Theory

A

looks at the factors that help/hinder a social movement like money, media, members, charismatic leadership - all to give focus

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8
Q

Rational Choice Theory

A

looks at pros and cons of certain courses of action - “which will help me the most”
- contains if/then scenarios that are
unknowable (like a slippery slope)

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9
Q

Social Cleavages in Iran (The Usual)

A
  • ethnic
  • religious minority vs majority
  • urban vs rural
  • higher vs lower economic status
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10
Q

Social Cleavages in Iran (Iran Specific)

A
  • older revolutionaries vs younger people
  • traditionalists vs modernists
  • Islamicists: blending religious tenants of the Muslim faith with the call of modernization
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11
Q

Brain Dead

A

whenever educated people (usually youth) leave their home country, state, city for a better opportunity (human capital flight)

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12
Q

2009 Presidential Election in Iran

A
  • Principalist Mamoud Ah. vs Reformer Mir Hussein
  • 85% voter turnout
  • leaning towards Hussein but Mahmoud won through corrupted results
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13
Q

Iran Presidential Protests

A

No one was buying thesham results that Mamoud won, even some Ayatollahs and Iranian celebrities denounced the corrupted results

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14
Q

Iran Presidential Recount

A

Supreme Leader, with 12 others, did a random sample of 10% of the votes. No irregularities were found. This angered youth Iranians.

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15
Q

The Green Movement

A

Iranians from multiple backgrounds took to the streets after the disputed election between 2009-2010. Social media played a crucial role in gaining support/sympathy.

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16
Q

Green Movement Type

A

on the line between reformative and transformative
- powerful people involved (reformative)
- ordinary people involved (transformative)

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17
Q

Gov. Response to Green Movement

A
  • crackdown
  • police and Basij (revolutionary voluntary miltia) suppressed protestors through arrests and beatings
  • torture and rape
  • closure of universities in Iran, blocked websites, phone transmissions, and messaging
  • death
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18
Q

Green Movement Martyr

A

Nedo Agha-Soltan
- 26 y/o student shot in the chest unwarranted by the Basij
- her murder was filmed and shared on social media
- wasn’t even taking part in protests but was killed

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19
Q

Green Movement Aftermath/Legacy

A
  • protests lost stream by 2010 logically considering state violence and that Moumod2 was still sworn in
20
Q

NAFTA

A

North American Free Trade Agreement
- between US, Canada, and Mexico
= formed a free trade zone
- revised and no one really benefits

21
Q

Zapatista Background

A
  • TRANSFORMATIVE social movement (ethnic minority, anti-state, revolutionary outsiders)
  • Takes place in the Chiapas (South)
  • Region is known for large indigenous population, Maya ruins, lush lands
22
Q

Problems with NAFTA (Mexico)

A
  • smaller farmers put out of business
  • maquiladora workers were exploited at worksites
  • environment deteriorated from fertilizers and chemicals
23
Q

Zapatista!

A
  • names after the leading figure of the Mexican Revolution
  • launched in 1994
  • armed Zapatista’s took over 7 towns and a military base; released prisoners
  • no singular leader
24
Q

Grievances in the Chiapas

A
  • no electricity and sewage system
  • very few public schools
  • doesn’t receive the economic benefits of free trade (NAFTA)
  • VERY ANTI-PRI
    SLOGAN: “Everything for everyone. Nothing for us.”
25
Q

Characteristics of the Zapatista

A
  • anti globalization, capitalism, colonization, and neoliberalism
  • Marxist with social anarchism (to each their own)
  • Indigenous VS Mestizo
  • Liberation Theology
26
Q

Neoliberalism

A

market oriented relations to gov. policies
- free trade, low taxation, pro-business

27
Q

Liberation Theology

A

a movement in Christian theology, developed mainly by Latin American Roman Catholics, that emphasizes liberation from social, political, and economic oppression as an anticipation of ultimate salvation.
COMPLICATED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ZAPS AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

28
Q

Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities

A

1994-2023
Series of loosely created zones for Zapatistas (not formally recognized by the Mexican government but mostly left alone)

29
Q

Nigerian: Movement Groups VS OPS

A

MG: IJAW and OGONIS (small % of the whole Nigerian population)

OPS: SHELL OIL

30
Q

SHELL OIL

A
  • 2nd largest oil company
  • merger of Dutch and UK trading and oil companies
  • 9th largest emitter of greenhouse gases
  • highest profit during COVID
31
Q

2 MAJOR ISSUES (NIGER RIVER DELTA)

A
  • Massive environmental degradation (frequent oil spills and no cleanup)
  • Little profit sharing. In addition to damaging the environment, the locals are not even compensated
32
Q

Horrific Stats (NRD)

A
  • Nigeria’s gov is completely dependent on oil exports (80% of gov. revenue)
  • SHELL is the largest stakeholder, owning 47% of Nigeria’s oil industry
  • Oil industry only benefits 1% of Nigerian population
  • 70% of all oil revenue for the gov. has been stolen due to corruption
33
Q

MOSOP

A

The Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People
- NON-VIOLENT RESISTANCE/TACTICS
- GOALS: environmental justice, indigenous sovereignty
-REFORMATIVE / REDEMPTIVE SM (trying to work within the system)

34
Q

MEND

A

Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta
- Kidnap/ransom, sabotage, theft, murder
- GOALS: stop oil production completely, expose exploitation and corruption, expose environmental degradation
- MILITANT, anti-authority, anti-business
- Not anti-oil; they are anti-corruption!

35
Q

BOKO HARAM (NIGERIA)

A

“Western thought/education is forbidden”
- Northeastern Nigeria (Borno State), Chad, Niger, Northern Cameroon, Mali
- Height of power in 2009-2015
- Wahhabism, extremely anti-education (known for targeting schools)
- disruption of food supplies led to famine
- made a poor region of a country even poorer
- many of their victims were Muslim

36
Q

Wahhabism

A

Sunni Islam is the ONLY TRUE FORM of Islam

37
Q

BOKO HARAM Goals

A
  • to “purify” the region using Sunni and destroying Shia Islam
  • Establish an Islamic state in Northern Nigeria
  • Anti-Colonialism
38
Q

BOKO HARAM Tactics

A
  • kidnapping/ransom
  • bombings
  • mutilations
  • mass shootings
  • worked with ISIS
39
Q

Chibok Girls

A

276 girls kidnapped from their boarding school by BOKO HARAM
- sparked social media outrage throughout the world
- most are released, but some are still in captivity

40
Q

Pluralism

A
  • theory that multiple groups/factions/individuals can and should exist
  • fosters democratization; more democratic
  • attempts to avoid extremism
  • promotes competition among autonomous groups not linked to the state
  • in a system where power is split among many groups for a change to influence the gov. decision making
41
Q

Corporatism

A
  • political ideology which advocates the organization of corporations that are subservient to the state (EX: military, labor, scientific)
  • corporatist systems are in which the gov controls access to policy making by relying on state sanctioned groups/associations to represent different groups like labor and the military.
  • the state retains more control over citizens input in a corporatist system
  • more authoritarian
42
Q

Pluralism VS Corporatism EXAMPLE BIG 6

A

Mexico transitioned from corporatism to pluralism

43
Q

Russian Anti-LGBTQ Movement

A
  • considers LGBTQ and extremist movement that is restricted
  • outlawed LGBTQ activism and expression
  • promotion of “traditional values”
  • considers activism for it as “gay propaganda” trying to destroy Russian values”
44
Q

History of LGBTQ in Russia

A
  • homosexuality was decriminalized after the fall of the USSR
  • basically allowed them to exist, but not “show off” or “promote homosexuality”
  • “turning a blind eye” to the LGBTQ in Russia
45
Q

Young Iranian’s Growing Secular Beliefs

A
  • growing number of atheist or nonbelievers in Iran
  • decreasing percentage of Iranians who believe in Islam or its God, more conversions to Christianity among younger people
  • growing more non-religious or less Islam focused
  • disagree on the enforcement of Hijabs

AP GOV UNIT 4 (8 decks)

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