Russia Flashcards

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1
Q

State Duma General

A
  • 450 Deputies
  • 5 yr term (no specified, clear limits)
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2
Q

State Duma Apportioned

A

pt 1. 225 come from SM Districts; Direct popular vote; FPP Plurality

pt 2: Remaining 275 are allocated on the basis of each party’s popular vote (proportional rep.)

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3
Q

Federation Council General

A
  • 176 Senators (2 from each federal subject)
  • Unspecified term on the national level and length is determined by each federal subject
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4
Q

Federal Council (S)ELECTION

A
  • Selected by politicians in the federal subjects
    ~ 1 by the provincial legislature
    ~ 1 nominated by the provincial governor and confirmed by the legislatures
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5
Q

General Election Day

A

Scheduled, the executive and legislature are not on the same cycle

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6
Q

Voter TURNOUTT

A

~67%

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7
Q

President DATA

A

2024 will be the 8th Presidential Election since the USSR’s fall
~ 1991-1996: 5 yr term
~1996-2012: 4 yr term
~2012-Present: Unspecified

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8
Q

What’s unique about the Presidential Election System?

A

The Presidential Elections are (maybe - supposed to be) in 2 rounds

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9
Q

Two Round Presidential Election System

A

1st Round: Presidential candidates in Russian (and Iran) must win an abdolute majority of the popular vote in the first (or second) round of national voting.

2nd Round: If no one got majority during round 1, the 2nd Round is conducted between the top two candidates from the 1st Round withing 3 weeks

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10
Q

Demonstration of 2 Round Voting System

A

the federation characteristic of this nation-state and the vast diversity

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11
Q

Comparative Corner 1

A

majoritarian rules in Iran, Nigeria, and Russia provide the winners with a national mandate

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12
Q

Comparative Corner 2

A

Both Mexican and Russian presidents have a 6 yr term with no VP (However, Mexico does NOT allow re-election)

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13
Q

BOTTOM LINEE

A

All of the term length changes and irregular elections have fostered Russia’s illiberal democracy tendencies and paved the way for Putin authoriatism

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14
Q

Russia is THEORETICALLY a ______, but in reality it is a _______.

A

Russia is THEORETICALLY a MULTI-PARTY SYSTEM, but in reality it is a DOMINANT PARTY SYSTEM.

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15
Q

Central Election Commission

A

WHAT: The body responsible for conducting federal elections and overseeing local elections (“attempt” at a democracy???)

WHO: 15 members, 4 yr term

HOW: The President, State Duma, and Federation Council appoint 5 members (so no, no “attempt”)

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16
Q

Lack of a Competitive Election System

A
  1. Soviet dominance from 1921-1991 encouraged a state-run, single party system (PRE-PUTIN)
  2. After the fall of USSR, lots of fragmentation in parties (PRE-PUTIN)
  3. Putin’s ascendency to the Presidency and consolidation of power
  4. Weak legislature; does party ID really matter to voters who are not ideologically driven (response to strength)
17
Q

United Russia

A
  • Founded 2001 (merger of 2 parties)
  • Conservative
  • Pro-Putin; essentially the state party (has over 70% supermajority in legislature)
  • Anti-LGBTQ
18
Q

Ensuring One-Party Dominance

A
  • increasing party registration requirements
  • selective court decisions to disqualify candidates
  • limiting the ability of political opposition to present their viewpoints to the media
  • eliminating gubernational (state governor) elections
19
Q

DOMINATION

A

One party has been dominating recent elections; diminished rep. of smaller parties occurs because of changing threshold rules; elimination then reinstatement of SM districts has decreased rep. of independent candidates