Social Interactions Flashcards
Status
- How an individual is classifies
- Three types:
- Ascribed Status
- Achieved Status
- Master Status
Ascribed Stats
- An involuntary status that lets society or other individuals immediately categorize you
- E.g., ethnicity, hair colour, accent, height
Achieved Status
- Gained through your efforts, and hopefully successes
- E.g., Gaining the Status of Doctor or PhD is due to many active choices alone the path as well as hard work and years of dedicated effort.
Master Status
- If you have more than one status, the most prominent status us the master status
- e.g., status that affects the majority of a social setting in a person’s life
Roles
- Are the set of beliefs, value attitudes and norms that determine the expectations for any given status.
Role Conflict
- Difficulty in satisfying the requirements or expectations of multiple roles.
- “work-life balance” is a form of role conflict
- The inherent principle is that you can’t actually have BOTH work and life. Those are then a role conflict, where you have to pick one or the other to win
Role Partners
- The person with whom one is interacting
- They often help define the norms for a role, either directly or through their supporting actions
- For example, a medical doctors role partners can be: nurses, patients, colleagues, lab teach, etc. but the way each of those people interacts with the doctor further supports the expectations for their role
Groups
- Two or more people
- Share similar characteristics
- Share sense of unity
- Social groups are unified by factors such as values, background and ethnicity and similarly the people who do not fall into one group usually end up in an opposing group.
- “in group” → people who you closely identify with
- “out group” → people who do not identify with closely
Organizations
- Differ from groups since they:
- Set up to achieve a certain goal
- continue if an individual member leaves
- tend to encompass formal roles
Bureaucracy
- A rational system made up of political organization, administration, discipline and control
- Have defined roles for their members giving officials different functions and responsibilities
- Officials can move up or even down in the hierarchy since the riles are not fixed
Networks
- Observable patterns of relationships between individuals and unit
- Can be between any individuals
Reference Group
Is a group that an individual uses to evaluate themselves
Primary Group
Refers to a group with close-knit, personal relationship, such as a family or a friend group
Secondary roups
Groups that last a short period of time and have mostly superficial interactions
Role performance
Refers to carrying out behaviour associated with a given role
Role strian
Refers to difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the same role
Role exit
Refers to dropping one identity for another
Characteristic Institutions
A characteristic institution is the basic organizing institution in society (for example, a clan or a family)
Iron Law of Oligarchy
Refers to the fact that democratic and bureaucratic systems ultimately become riles by an elite group over time
McDonaldizations
- Refers to the shift towards standardization of similar organization.
- Over time organizations attempt to become more efficient and predictable.
- Refers to the standardization of a type of institution across society, with a focus on efficiency and predictability.
Cognitive Neoassiciation Model
- Individuals are most likely to behave aggressively when they are experiencing negative emotions, such as when they are tired, sick, frustrated, or in pain.
Secure Attachment
Would be exemplified by the child being distressed when the caregiver leaves and comforted when the caregiver returns
Avoidant Attachment
- Is exemplified by the child showing no preference between the caregiver and a stranger showing no distress when the caregiver leaves and no comfort when the caregiver returns
Ambivalent Attachment
- The child would show distress upon the caregiver leaving and lack of comfort upon the caregiver’s return; in this case, the child does not show distress upon the caregiver leaving
Disorganized Attachment
- Would be exemplified by a lack of clear pattern of responses to the caregiver leaving and returning. Children exhibiting disorganized attachment also show repetitive behaviours such as rocking.
Emotional Support
- Involves listening and empathizing with feelings
Esteem Support
- Involves affirming the qualities and skills of a person and involves bolstering self esteem and confidence
Informational Support
Involves providing information that helps someone
Network Support
Involves providing a sense of belonging
Material Support
Providing financial or material assistance to another person
Altruistic Behaviour
Involves helping others at the cost of one self. For example, a nurse making herself late for work in order to help someone is an example of altrustic behaviour
