SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS Flashcards
Define social institutions by Gisbert
According to Gisbert - “ Social institutions’ may be described as recognised and established usages governing the relations between individuals and groups”.
What are the two types of social institutions?
The two types of social institutions are as follows:-
1) FORMAL:a) Banks
b) Schools
c) Colleges/university
d) Law
2) INFORMAL:a) Religion
b) Family
c) Marriage
d) Kinship
e) Education
Define social institution
A set of organised human relationships established or sanctioned by the common will.
Give the features of social institutions
1) Each one of us have a status and a role to be performed
2) These roles are not the onscreen appearance that we might opt out
3) We cannot escape performing these roles
4) Eg:- While driving a car, you need to follow the safety rules; as you are playing a role of a responsible citizen then.
5) There are social institutions that control, refrain, punish and reward us following our duties.
6) Individual is a part of a larger group
7) These institutions could be at micro level or macro level.
Define family by Maciver
A ‘Family’ is a group defined by the sex relationship sufficiently precise and enduring to provide for procreation and the upbringing of children.
What is an family?
The family is a group of two or more people residing together and are related to by blood, marriage or adoption.
What is undivided/extended family?
An ‘Undivided/Extended Family’ consists of members who at least belong to three generations: husband, wife, their married or unmarked children, and their married or unmarked grandchildren.
Give the features of family(MACIVER)
The features of family are as follows:-
1) LIMITED SIZE - As it is a primary group, the size is definitely smaller.
2) UNIVERSALITY - Families are found all over the world. There is no evidence of a period when they did not exist.
3) PERSISTENCE AND CHANGE - The family as an institution is the most permanent one. However, as an association, it is subjected to constant changes.
4) EMOTIONAL BASIS - Members are bound by the emotional factors such as love and not by the intellectual factors such as reason.
5) FIXED HABITATION - Home is where the heart is.
6) SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY - Obey rules, sex regulation, financial support
7) EDUCATIVE ROLE - Primary agent of socialisation and the base of all education is first imparted here.
8) SOCIAL REGULATION - Members perform functions towards another, based on which the success of a wider network of social relationships is dependent
What are the types of family?
The types of family’s are as follows:-
1) SIZE/STRUCTURE - a) Joint
b) Nuclear
2) BASIS OF MARRIAGE - a) Monogamy
b) Polygamy
3) RESIDENCE - a) Patrilocal
b) Matrilocal
4) BASED ON AUTHORITY - a) Patriarchy eg: almost everywhere
b) Matriarchy eg: Khasi tribes of Meghalaya
5) ANCESTRY - a) Patrilineal
b) Matrilineal
6) RELATIONS - a) Conjugal (marriage)
b) Consanguineous ( blood)
What is matrilocal?
Matrilocal is when the married couple and the offspring are put up with the wife’s family, or in a new household which she sets up on her own, and the husband is merely a ‘privileged visitor’ leading to extra marital affairs
What is patrilineal?
Patrilineal is wherein sons inherit from their fathers, and the eldest son is more privileged.
What is patrilocal?
Patrilocal is when the married couple and the offspring are put up with the husbands family, or in a new household which he sets up on his own. Women have to be at the mercy of their menfolk.
Explain consanguineous family
The word consanguineous comes from the two latin words “con” meaning shared and “sanguine” meaning blood.
1) It revolves around a nucleus of blood ties, surrounded by spouses.
2) Members are related by birth. Blood ties are emphasised over marital bonds.
3) This is more stable form of family, since maturation of children/divorce does not break up the family.
4) The family meets all the demand of the members, except for sexual urges
Consanguinity describes a relationship between two people who share an ancestor or share blood.
Such marriages are favoured by different populations usually bound to traditional customs, beliefs and to keep property in united form within the family.
Explain conjugal family
1) Conjugal means there is marriage relationship
2) The family relationship is principally focused inward and ties to extended kin are voluntary and based on emotional bonds, rather than strict duties and obligations.
3) The spouses and their children are of prime importance, and other more distant relatives less important .
4) The marriage bond is important and stressed.
What are the primary functions of family?
The primary functions of family are as follows:-
1) STABILITY INNSEX LIFE - Manu the Hindu law giver, stated that marriage is one of the key agents in the channelization of sex lives. Though pre-marital sex is allowed in the west and widely found in India as well. However, such relationships may not be legally accepted or claimed later.
2) PROCREATION - Cohabitation leads to conception and children are born, not only satisfying the physical instincts of parental love but also leading to the socially significant fact of perpetuation of species.
3) REARING OF CHILDREN - The family gives protection to the child.
4) PROVIDES MENTAL HEALTH AND EMOTIONAL SECURITY -
Family is the architect of the child’s healthy life.
5) TRANSMITTING CULTURE AND AIDING SOCIALISATION -
Ideologies, folkways, mores, customs, traditions, beliefs and values are transmitted. By teaching the individual what situations to anticipate, how to behave, integrating him into a cultural ethos through language and attire, etc., his personality is shaped and he is able to adjust in the society.
6) STATUS ASCRIPTION -
A family ascribes social status such as name and ethnic/national/religious/residential/political/educational status
7) PROVISION OF A HOME -
The child understands the difference between a house and a home when he is brought up with love and sympathy.
