Social Influnce

Question 1

name 3 situational variables affecting conformity

Answer 1

proximity, location, uniform

Question 2

key study on obedience

Answer 2

Milgram

Question 3

what was the procedure for milgrams study.

Answer 3

40 participants told it was a study on punishment affecting learning
participant( teacher) read out word pairs
shocked learner if answer was incorrect

Question 4

what were the findings of milgrams study

Answer 4

found that 65% of participants went to the maximum shock level
only 12.5% stopped at 300 volts

Question 5

study on variable obedience proximity

Answer 5

milgram re conducted the study but teacher and learner sat in same room.
obedience fell to 40%

Question 6

study on variables on obedience location

Answer 6

milgram changed the location of his study from yale university to a run down office. conformity did drop but no significantly 48% participants maxed out

Question 7

study on variables on obedience uniform

Answer 7

bushman-femal researcher dressed in either police uniform, business dress or a beggar
obedience highest at 72% in police uniform

Question 8

does milgrams research into obedience have historical validity?

Answer 8

yes, blass conducted out a statistical analysis of obedience studies and found no more or less obedience in the studies conducted earlier or later on

Question 9

criticism of milgrams explanations for obedience. real life atrocities

Answer 9

claimed that his research could be used to explain real like atrocities, but others concluded that using obedience masks the real reason for the behaviour eg antisemitism

Question 10

define the authoritarian personality

Answer 10

a distinct personality pattern characterised by strict adherence to conventional values and a belief in absolute obedience or submission to authority

Question 11

state a dispositions factor of obedience

Answer 11

authoritarian

Question 12

key study on authoritarian personality

Answer 12

elms and milgram

Question 13

procedure of elms and milgram

Answer 13

20 obedient 20 defiant participants from milgrams original study. competed the F scale and asked questions about childhood relationship with parents

Question 14

what did elms and milgram find

Answer 14

higher levels of authoritarian personality with participants classed as obedient

Question 15

evaluative point elms and milgram. education

Answer 15

milgram found that participants with lower levels of education tended to be more obedient.
lack of education could be responsible for authoritarianism and obedience

Question 16

evaluate elms and milgrams study. social context

Answer 16

milgram showed that the primary cause of obedience is situational variables rather than dispositions.
specific social situations cause participants to obey or resist

Question 17

what is the procedure of zimbardos study

Answer 17

24 male student
participants were taken to mock prison and given role of prisoner or guard
study was to happen for 2 weeks

Question 18

what did zimbardo find?

Answer 18

guards became tyrannical and abusive
prisoners emotional state deteriorated
study had to be stopped after 6 days

Question 19

evaluate zimbardos study. not automatic

Answer 19

conformity to roles is not automatic, guards varied in how aggressive they were to prisoners

Question 20

problem with zimbardos study. demand characteristics

Answer 20

behaviour from the guards and prisoners was not due to their response to a compelling prison environment but rather it was a response to powerful demand characteristics in the experimental situation itself

Question 21

basic assumption of social learning theory

Answer 21

learn how to behave through observing others

Question 22

define vicarious reinforcement

Answer 22

individual learns about the likely of consequences thorough observing a model

Question 23

what is the key study for social learning

Answer 23

Bandura

Question 24

what is the procedure of banduras study?

Answer 24

children either observed an aggressive or non aggressive adult towards a bobo doll
child was then shown toys and watched to see how they would respond

Question 25

what are the findings of banduras study?

Answer 25

children who observed aggressive behaviour responded aggressively to the bobo doll and children who didn’t see aggressive behaviour didn’t respond aggressively

Question 26

evaluate social learning theory. application

Answer 26

useful application

Akers suggested that people who observe criminal behaviour are more likely to engage in criminal behaviour themselves

Question 27

state a limitation of banduras study

Answer 27

hard to establish causality, Siegel suggested that people who posses deviant attitudes seek out peers with similar attitudes therefore social learning may not be the cause but instead prior deviant attitudes