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Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a experimental hypothesis?

A

a testable, measurable statement of prediction.

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2
Q

What is a directional experimental hypothesis?

A

when your hypothesis predicts results will go in one specific direction, includes words like increase, decrease.

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3
Q

what is a non directional hypothesis?

A

when it doesn’t not predict a specific direction. includes words like affect,influence

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4
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A

when there is no significant relationship, no affect, no significant difference

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5
Q

What 3 things does a true experiment need?

A
  1. manipulation of an independent variable.
  2. randomise allocation to groups.
  3. control over variables
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6
Q

Name 4 types of experiment.

A

Laboratory
Field
Natural
Quasi

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7
Q

What is a Lab experiment?

A

It takes place in a controlled artificial environment.

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8
Q

Is a Laboratory experiment a true experiment?

A

yes

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9
Q

What is a field experiment?

A

Takes place outside of the laboratory in a natural setting, participants are not aware during experiment.

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10
Q

Is a field experiment a true experiment?

A

Y. researcher manipulates IV
N. high level of control
N. randomise allocation

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11
Q

What is a natural experiment?

A

Take advantage of a naturally occurring independent variable.

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12
Q

Is a natural experiment a true experiment?

A

no

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13
Q

What is a Quasi experiment?

A

when the IV is naturally occurring because it is an existing difference between people.

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14
Q

Is a Quasi experiment a true experiment?

A

No

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15
Q

What it the independent variable?

A

experimenter manipulates

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16
Q

What is the dependant variable?

A

experimenter measures

17
Q

What is an extraneous variable?

A

any variable that if you have failed to control could affect your results in some way.

18
Q

What is a confounding variable?

A

a variable you have failed to control that cant be separated from the IV. Therefore changes in the DV may be caused by the confounding variable rather than the IV.

19
Q

What is independent groups?

A

It is an experimental design where participants take part in one condition of the IV only.

20
Q

What is matched participants?

A

It is a type of experimental design where pairs of participants are created by matching them closely on specific criteria.

21
Q

What is repeated measures?

A

it is a type of experimental design where all participants complete both conditions of the IV

22
Q

What does participants variable mean?

A

it refers to each way each participants varies.

23
Q

define external validity

A

the degree to which a research finding can be generalised

24
Q

define internal validity

A

the degree to which an observed effect was due to the experimental manipulation rather than other factors such as confounding/extraneous variables.

25
Q

define mundane realism

A

refers to how a study mirrors the real world. the research environment is realistic to the degree to which experiences encountered in the rest each environment will occur in the real world.

26
Q

what is counterbalancing for?

A

to overcome order effects when using a repeated measures design.

27
Q

why is random allocation used?

A

to distribute participant variables evenly

28
Q

what are demand characteristics

A

when a participant wants to be helpful so they change their behaviour to what they think is best suited

29
Q

what is investigator effects

A

cues from the investigator that encourage certain behaviours in the participant

30
Q

what is a pilot study

A

a small scale trail run of a research design before doing the real thing

31
Q

why conduct a pilot study

A

to find out if certain aspects of the design do or don’t work

psychology (7 decks)

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