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Year 12 A-Level Psychology 2023-2025 > Social Influence: Variables Affecting Conformity - NEW > Flashcards

Social Influence: Variables Affecting Conformity - NEW Flashcards

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1
Q

Name three variables that affect conformity

A

Group size
Unanimity
Task Difficulty

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2
Q

Which variable was investigated by making the lines similar lengths?

A

Task difficulty

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3
Q

Which variable was investigated by having a ‘lone’ confederate give a different, incorrect answer?

A

Unanimity

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4
Q

Which variable was investigated by increasing the number of the confederates?

A

Group size

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5
Q

HOW was task difficulty invesitgated?

A

By making the comparison lines more similar in length

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6
Q

HOW was unanimity investigated?

A

By having a confederate give a different incorrect answer AND give the correct answer

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7
Q

HOW was group size investigated?

A

By increasing the size of the majority (the number of confederates)

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8
Q

When Asch used one real participant and one confederate, what was the conformity rate?

A

3%

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9
Q

When Asch used one real participant and two confederates, what was the conformity rate?

A

13%

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10
Q

When Asch used one real participant and three confederates, what was the conformity rate?

A

32%

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11
Q

What did Asch CONCLUDE about group size and conformity?

A

The size of the majority does effect conformity, but only to a point

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12
Q

What does unanimity mean?

A

Complete agreement from a group

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13
Q

What was the conformity rate in Asch’s original study?

A

37%

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14
Q

What was FOUND when one confederate gave the right answer?

A

Conformity rates dropped to 5.5%

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15
Q

What was FOUND when one confederate gave a different, incorrect answer?

A

Conformity rates dropped to 9%

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16
Q

HOW did Asch investigate task difficulty?

A

By making the comparison lines more similar in length

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17
Q

HOW did Asch investigate unanimity?

A

By having confederates give a different incorrect answer / the correct answer

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18
Q

HOW did Asch investigate group size?

A

By increasing the majority (the number of confederates)

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19
Q

What explanation of conformity is used with explaining conformity during harder tasks?

A

Informational Social Influence

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20
Q

Informational social influence is used to explain conformity during which variable?

A

Task difficulty (harder tasks)

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21
Q

TASK DIFFICULTY: What happens when the right answer becomes less obvious to us?

A

We lose confidence in our ability

22
Q

GROUP SIZE: When Asch used one participant and one confederate, the conformity rate was 5.5%

True or false

A

False - 3%

23
Q

GROUP SIZE: When Asch used one participant and three confederates, the conformity rate was 13%

True or false

A

False - 32%

24
Q

How many confederates were used within Asch’s original experiment?

A

7-9

25
Q

How many genuine (naïve) participants were used in Asch’s original experiment?

A

1

26
Q

How many genuine (naïve) participants were used in Asch’s variation experiments?

A

1

27
Q

AO3: Lucas et al’s study supports which variable affecting conformity?

A

Task difficulty

28
Q

AO3: Task difficulty as a variable affecting conformity is supported by which study?

A

Lucas et al

29
Q

AO3: In what ways do Asch’s variations lack external validity?

A

Gender bias
Culture bias
Low ecological validity

30
Q

AO3: Do Asch’s variations have high or low ecological validity? Why?

A

Low - lab experiments, and so conducted in an artificial environment

31
Q

AO3: Which study illustrates why Asch’s findings can’t be generalised to females?

A

Neto 1995

32
Q

AO3: Which study illustrates why Asch’s findings can’t be generalised to non-Western cultures

A

Bond and Smith 1996

33
Q

“Conformity rates increase as the majority group increases”

This finding is from which variable affecting conformity?

A

Group size

34
Q

“When there is a dissenter within the majority, conformity decreases”

This finding is from which variable affecting conformity?

A

Unanimity

35
Q

“When the right answer becomes less obvious, we lose confidence and are more likely to conform”

This finding is from which variable affecting conformity?

A

Task difficulty

36
Q

What are external explanations of obedience whereby features of an environment affect obedience levels?

A

Situational variables

37
Q

In Milgram’s experiment, what did wearing a grey lab coat give the researcher?

A

An air of authority

38
Q

When the researcher was taken over by an ordinary member of the public, what did obedience drop to?

A

Dropped to 20%

39
Q

In Milgram’s variation, explain how wearing everyday clothes affect obedience?

A

When not in uniform the perceived legitimate authority of the experimenter was reduced

40
Q

In Milgram’s variation, what does uniform act as?

A

A strong visual authority symbol and a cue to act in an obedient manner

41
Q

Where was Milgram’s original study conducted?

A

Yale University

42
Q

In Milgram’s experiment, how did he vary location?

A

Changed location to a run down office

43
Q

Im Milgram’s experiment, what happened to obedience levels drop to when he changed the location to a run down office?

A

48%

44
Q

In Bickman’s research, what did the confederates ask the passers by to do?

A

Give money to pay for parking or pick up litter

45
Q

In Bickman’s research, how did the ppts behaviour change following the instruction of the confederate?

A

It was found that participants were twice as likely to follow the instructions of the confederate wearing a security guard uniform than the businessman

46
Q

Why is using a male only sample a limitation of Milgram’s research into situational variables

A

It is difficult to generalise the findings to females, as they may have obeyed differently to the variables affecting obedience

47
Q

Why may Milgram’s into situational variables have gender bias?

A

A male only sample was used

48
Q

How did obedience differ in males and females in Sheridan and Kings research?

A

When ordered to give electric shocks to a puppy, females obeyed 100% of the time, compared to 54% of male participants

49
Q

What other factors can affect obedience other than situational variables?

A

Dispositional factors

50
Q

How can dispositional factors affect obedience?

A

This would argue that obedience is due to internal characteristics of the person e.g. their personality

Year 12 A-Level Psychology 2023-2025 (43 decks)

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