Animal Studies: Lorenz & Harlow TW Flashcards

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1
Q

“The aim of Lorenz’s research was to measure __________ in goslings”

A

Imprinting

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2
Q

Harlow found that the rhesus monkeys spent more time with the wire mother than the cloth mother - true or false?

A

False

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3
Q

Lorenz identified a critical period. How long is this?

A

12-17 hours after hatching

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4
Q

What was Harlow’s sample?

A

16 rhesus monkeys

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5
Q

HOW did Lorenz measure the critical period?

A

By varying the time between birth and seeing a moving object so he could measure the critical period of imprinting

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6
Q

What method did Harlow use?

A

Lab experiment

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7
Q

What method did Lorenz use?

A

Field

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8
Q

In Harlow’s study, both wire and cloth mother provided food - true or false?

A

FALSE

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9
Q

What was Harlow’s aim?

A

To investigate whether food or comfort is more important in forming attachments

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10
Q

How did Lorenz divide the goose eggs?

A

Randomly

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11
Q

Why did Harlow divide the goose eggs the way he did?

A

To avoid bias

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12
Q

What examples of long term effects were recorded by Harlow?

A

Sociability and relationships with future relationships

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13
Q

Harlow concluded…

A

Contact comfort is the most important factor when forming an attachment

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14
Q

How were the surrogate mothers different in Harlow’s study?

A

One was made of cloth which provided NO food
The other was made of wire which DID provide food

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15
Q

AO3: Why can Lorenz’s research be criticised for bias?

A

Because he recorded his OWN observations, so may have chosen to include findings that support his theory

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16
Q

Harlow found the monkeys spent less time with which mother?

A

Wire mother

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17
Q

Who did the experimental group imprint upon in Lorenz’s study?

A

Lorenz

18
Q

Who did the control group imprint upon in Lorenz’s study?

A

Their natural mother (goose)

19
Q

What are 2 conclusions from Lorenz’s study…

A
  1. Goslings imprint on first thing they see
  2. There is a specific time period for attachment to take place, otherwise they will not attach
20
Q

Harlow’s study took place in what type of environment?

A

Controlled / lab setting

21
Q

Lorenz’s study took place in what type of environment?

A

Natural environment / field experiment

22
Q

AO3: BOTH Lorenz and Harlow can be criticised for what issue?

A

Animal bias

23
Q

AO3: Lorenz and Harlow can be criticised for animal bias because…

A

They used samples of ONLY animals - geese / rhesus monkeys

24
Q

AO3: Animal bias is an issue because it means…

A

We may not be able to extrapolate / generalise findings to humans

25
Q

AO3: Both Lorenz and Harlow’s research can be praised for having…

A

Practical applications

26
Q

Lorenz studied attachment in gosling - true or false

A

False - Lorenz measured imprinting

27
Q

AO3: Why may Lorenz’s research have low internal validity?

A

As there may be researcher bias as Lorenz recorded his own observations

28
Q

AO3: What 2 reasons may mean Harlow’s research has low external validity?

A
  1. Controlled environment - may not be generalisable to real life
  2. Animal bias - may not be generalisable to humans as human attachment more complex
29
Q

Harlow found that the rhesus monkeys spent more time with…

A

Cloth mother

30
Q

AO3: Why may Lorenz’s research suffer from poor external validity?

A

Animal bias

31
Q

Identify the IV in Harlow’s research

A

IV = the surrogate mother; cloth providing no food or wire providing food

32
Q

Identify the DV in Lorenz’s research;

A

DV = imprinting behaviours in geese

33
Q

Identify the IV in Lorenz’s research

A

IV = whether the geese hatched and saw their mother first, or Lorenz

34
Q

Identify the DV in Harlow’s research

A

DV = time spent with each surrogate mother

35
Q

Who conducted a lab experiment into animal attachment?

A

Harlow

36
Q

AO3: Lorenz recorded his own findings. Why is this an issue?

A

Bias - lowers the internal validity.

37
Q

AO3: Apart from animal bias, how else can we criticise Harlow’s research?

A

Ethical issues

38
Q

AO3: Why did Harlow’s research suffer from ethical issues?

A

As the rhesus monkeys suffered psychological and emotional harm

39
Q

In what ways did the rhesus monkeys suffer psychological and emotional harm in Harlow’s research?

A

The rhesus monkeys were scared with loud noises, bullied by other monkeys, and found difficulties mating and raising their own offspring

40
Q

AO3: Why may Lorenz’s research have high external validity?

A

As it was a field experiment, taking place in a natural environment