Social Influence Lesson 1-7 Flashcards
What is compliance
Compliance is where individuals change their behaviour and views in order to line with the majority. This change is only publicly and superficial/temporary
Internalisation
Individuals change their behaviour and beliefs to line with the majority, believing the majority is correct. This is privately and publicly and is more permanent
Identification
Conform to opinions of the group because there’s something we value about the group and change our views to fit in with them, publicly and privately.
Our views can revert back if we leave the group
What is informational social influence (ISI)
Personal conforms because they are UNSURE of correct answer or how to behave so they look to others
Most drive is desire to be right
But if the majority are still wrong they won’t stand out so it’s fine
What is ISI likely to lead to
Internalisation
Changing views to what we think is correct
What is Normative Social Influence
Follow norms to fit in and not be ridiculed or singled out - accepted
Change publicly and not privately
When is ISI most likely to happen
Ambiguous situations
Difficult situations
Crisis or emergency
Believe others to be experts
When is NSI most likely to happen
With strangers
Concerned about rejection
Stressful situations
Who introduced the two process theory
Deutsch and Gerald (1955)
What is NSI most likely to lead to
Compliance because it’s being done to fit in and changing views publicly but not privately
What is a nAffiliator
More likely to show NSI - wants to be liked
More likely to conform
What are demand characteristics
Subjects matter act differently due to the study in order to either fit in or stand out
What year was Jenness study
1932
What was jenness study?
Asked students how many jelly beans in a jar
Asked individual
Then group
Then individual to see if any students conformed and changed their answers
What were the results of Jenness study?
Nearly all participants changed their original answer
When was the Sherif research
1935
What was Sherifs conformity research study
Small light shown to move even though it doesn’t move
The participant last and is swayed by the others saying the same or different numbers
What were the results of Sherifs experiment
Group converged to a common estimate
People tend to conform
Does Sherifs experiment show ISI or NSI
ISI because they were unsure so they looked to others
Internalisation
What is a critical trial
A trial where the confederates gave the same WRONG answer to see if the participant would conform
When was Asch experiment
1951
What was Asch’s experiment
People had to say which line most closely resembled the sample line and have confederates have different answers to see if the participant conforms
Who took part in Asch’s study?
123 male American students
What is an IV
Confederates giving wrong answers
What is a DV
Conformed people
How many trials were there in Asch’s research study
18 trials
Results of Asch’s study
One third conformed in critical trials
75% conformed at least once
People conformed just to fit in - NSI
How did group size affect Asch’s study
Asch found that when there was a majority of three confederates, conformity rates went to 30%
After further increase in majority size, it no longer affected conformity
How did Unanimity of the majority affect Asch’s study
One confederates gave correct answer conformity rates dropped from 33% to 5.5%
If one confederate gave WRONG answer but still DIFFERENT from majority, conformity rates dropped to 9%
This suggest it only takes one break in the chain for conformity to drop
How did the task difficulty change Asch’s study
Asch made differences between the lines much smaller
Task difficulty influenced by self efficacy of individual - how confident someone is w a task
Participants who conformed would have undergone Informational Social Influence
Evaluation of Asch’s study and variable effecting conformity
Temporal validity - society changes
Ecological validity - set in lab, not everyday task - can’t be sure they’re actually conforming
Population validity - they were all men, all students
Ethical issues of Asch’s study
Lied to participant using a confederate - could make it stressful
Deceptions
Good things about Asch study
Controlled environment - able to change situation and good control over variables
What are social roles
The ‘parts’ people play as a member of various social groups - child, parent, passenger
Accompanied why expectations of appropriate behaviour in each role
Conforming roles to conforming to expectations of that role
Aim of Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment
To see whether people will conform to new social roles and how quickly they would conform
Where did Zimbardo’s Prison Experiment take place
Zimbardo converted basement of Stanford University into a mock prison
What sampling method did Zimbardo use and how many did he recruit
Zimbardo recruited 24 male college students via volunteer sampling method, advertising participation in a effects of prison life study
Paid 15 dollars a day to take part
How were guards and prisoners selected in Zimbardo’s prison experiment method
- Participants randomly assigned role of prisoner or guard - 11 guards, 10 prisoners
- guards worked in sets of 3 w 8 hour shifts and solitary confinement
How were prisoners taken to the mock prison in Zimbardo’s experiment
prisoners were arrested in their own homes without warning and taken to the local police station
They were fingerprinted, photographed and booked
They were blindfolded and driven to the University
