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Psychology Social Influence And -OCD > Psychopathology - Depression > Flashcards

Psychopathology - Depression Flashcards

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1
Q

Behavioural characteristics of depression

A

Change in activity levels
Disruption to sleep
Disruption to eating behaviour
Aggression

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2
Q

What is change in activity levels

A

Lethargy and withdrawal from activities they once enjoyed
May also neglect personal hygiene
Some people experience increased levels of activity/agitation

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3
Q

What is disruption to sleep

A

Insomnia - difficulty falling sleep and staying asleep
Some may experience hypersomnia

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4
Q

Disruption to eating behaviour

A

Significant decrease or increase in weight
May eat a lot or very little

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5
Q

What is aggression

A

Often irritable and physically or verbally aggressive
May be aggressive towards themselves - self harm

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6
Q

Emotional characteristics

A

Low mood
Feelings of worthlessness
Anger

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7
Q

What is low mood

A

Ever present and overwhelming feeling of sadness/hopelessness and feelings empty

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8
Q

Feelings of worthlessness

A

Often have constant feelings of reduced worth and inappropriate feelings of guilt
Low levels of self esteem

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9
Q

What is anger (emotional)

A

Anger towards others or themselves
Depression may arise from feelings of being hurt and wishing to retaliate

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10
Q

Cognitive characteristics of depression

A

Negative schema
Poor concentration

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11
Q

What is negative schema

A

Negative view of themselves, the world and the future
Self-fulfilling prophecy - if u expect bad things to happen they will happen because you make it happen

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12
Q

What is poor concentration

A

Difficulty in paying/maintaining attention and person may feel like they can’t stay focused on tasks for a long time
Slower thought processes
Bad memory

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13
Q

When are negative schemas activated

A

Whenever the person encounters a new situation that resembles the original conditions in which the schema was learned

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14
Q

Who devised the ABC model

A

Ellis (1962)

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15
Q

What does the ABC model stand for

A

A = activating event
B = beliefs
C = consequences

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16
Q

ABC model to explain how depressed people react compared to not depressed people

A

Not depressed - Negative event (A), Rational belief (B), Healthy negative emotion (C)

Depressed - Negative event (A), Irrational belief (B), Unhealthy Negative Emotion (C)

17
Q

Support of the negative triad

A

Terry (2000) assessed 65 pregnant women for cognitive vulnerability before and after they gave birth. It was found that women who had high cognitive vulnerability were more likely to suffer post partum depression

18
Q

Weaknesses of negative triad

A

Cause and effect not always clear - dkwhat happens first
It doesn’t explain how some symptoms of depression might develop

19
Q

Strengths of ABC Model

A

Bates (1999) found depressed participants who were given negative thought statements became more and more depressed
Means negative thinking helps to cause depression

20
Q

Weakness of ABC model

A

Blames client for their depression

21
Q

What is the aim of Cognitive Behavioural therapy

A

The aim of CBT is the change irrational thoughts and so alleviate the depression

22
Q

Outline of Beck’s Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

A

Identity negative triad - thought catching. Then patients generate a hypothesis to test validity of their irrational thoughts

23
Q

What strategies are used in CBT to test patient’s hypothesis

A
  • The patient may be asked to gather data about behaviour an incidents then compare the evidence with their hypothesis to check if they match
  • Homework assignments in between sessions to test irrational thoughts out in the real word
  • patients could be asked to kept a diary so negative thinking can be identified and targeted
24
Q

What happens when a patient reports positive thoughts in CBT

A

they are praised by the therapist, providing positive reinforcement

25
Q

What is the Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy

A

Ellis (1994) developed a CBT therapy for depression called Rational emotive Behavioural Therapy.

26
Q

Logical arguments in Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy

A

Uses logical arguments to show their self-defeating beliefs do not logically follow from the information available

27
Q

Empirical arguments in Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy

A

Therapists use empirical argument to show patients that their self-defeating beliefs are not consistent with reality

28
Q

CBT weakness

A

Relies on patient self -reporting so this may be unreliable and untrustworthy
People may not be that committed to CBT therapy

29
Q

CBT strength

A

As effective as antidepressants

30
Q

Who devised the negative triad

A

Beck (1999)

31
Q

Who devised CBT

A

Beck

32
Q

Who devised REBT

A

Ellis

Psychology Social Influence And -OCD (6 decks)

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