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Psychology > Social Influence > Flashcards

Social Influence Flashcards

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1
Q

Obedience

A

Individuals respond to direct order from someone with authority, rules or laws of society.

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2
Q

Compliance

A

Changing behaviour in response to a request to do so. Does not necessarily involve authority figures

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3
Q

Milgram Experiment

A

Investigated factors involved in determining obedience to authority figures

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4
Q

Internal factors

A

Caused by something within the person (personality)

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5
Q

Ethics with Milgram

A

Psychological harm (emotional strain), right to withdraw (encouraged to stay), deception (told they had equal chance of being teacher and learner, not aware of true nature of study)

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6
Q

External factors

A

Caused by something outside the person (situation)

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7
Q

Factors influencing obedience

A

Proximity to authority figure, prestige of authority figure, deindividuation

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8
Q

Stanford Prison experiment

A

Zimbardo investigated if brutality reported among guards in American prisons was due to personalities of guards or the environment.

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9
Q

Insight from Zimbardo’s prison experiment

A

Situational factors play a significant role in behaviours exhibited compared to dispositional.

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10
Q

Ethics with Zimbardo

A

Physical & psychological harm, voluntary participation (paid), informed consent (fake arrest), right to withdraw (questioned and called weak if left), debriefing (happened several years later)

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11
Q

Conformity

A

Individuals yield to groups pressures

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12
Q

3 types of conformity

A

Compliance, identification and internalisation

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13
Q

Compliance

A

Publicly change behaviour to be like majority.
Don’t change minds in private.
Short-term

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14
Q

Identification

A

Take on views of individuals or groups we admire.
Publicly change behaviour and private beliefs.
Short-term

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15
Q

Internalisation

A

Others convince us their beliefs are right and behaviour adjusts accordingly.
Behaviour and thoughts change publicly and privately.
Long-term

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16
Q

Normative social influence (NSI)

A

Conform to be accepted or belong.
Socially rewarding/avoids social punishment.
Compliance or identification

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16
Q

Informational social influence (ISI)

A

Conform to gain knowledge or believe someone else is right.
Adopt new belief system.
Internalisation

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17
Q

Factors affecting comformity

A

Size of group, difficulty of task, answer in private, status of majority group, unanimity, anonymity

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18
Q

Ethocentric bias

A

An individual is culturally biased toward their own culture.
Can’t examine other ethnic groups without comparing to their own.

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18
Q

Ethocentric

A

Viewing other ethnic or cultural groups through the lense of ones own

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19
Q

Ethical implications: Indigenous communities

A

Review process, assessment or advice must be given from networks with knowledge of research with Indigenous people.

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19
Q

Attitude

A

A set of emotions, beliefs and behaviours towards a particular object, person, event or issue.

20
Q

Yale attitude change approach

A

Source- person conveying the message, If viewed favourably more likely to listen
Message- evoke strong emotions
Audience- knowing who

20
Q

Persuasion

A

The art of convincing others to change their attitudes or behaviours

21
Q

Central route

A

Careful processing of information.
Facts and stats

21
Q

Elaboration likelihood model

A

2 routes
central and peripheral

22
Q

Peripheral route

A

Careful processing of information does NOT occur.
Funny, sexy, songs

23
Q

Direct experience

A

You have experienced something to lead to the formation of attitude.
Strengthens attitude

24
Q

Indirect experience

A

Heard stories from friends, watched TV.
Weak attitude formed

25
Q

Persuasion stratergies

A

3, Norm of reciprocity, Door-in-the-face and Foot-in-the-door

26
Q

Norm of reciprocity

A

Favours will be returned
Actions are reciprocated

26
Q

Measuring attitudes

A

Behavioural counts, self reports, implicit association test, likert scale, focus groups

27
Q

Foot-in-the-door

A

Start with small request and then large request

Build up

27
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

‘Psychological discomfort arising from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviours or cognitions.’
Influenced by external and internal factors

27
Q

Door-in-the-face

A

Start with a large request then small request.

Only works if large request is turned down.

28
Q

Relationship between attitude and behaviour

A

Behaviours are seperate and don’t always reflect our attitudes

29
Q

Stereotype

A

A specific belief or assumption about individuals based soley on their membership in a group regardless of their personal characteristics.

Belief=cognition

30
Q

Prejudice

A

A negative attitude towards an individual based soley on their membership in a particular social group.

Attitude=cognitions & feelings

31
Q

Discrimination

A

When people act on their prejudicial attitudes towards a group of people.

Act=behaviour

32
Q

Unintentional bias

A

Automatic, unintentional, inbuilt attitudes that we use when we process information.

e.g. talking slowly to old people assuming they can’t hear

32
Q

Why are people prejudiced?

A

The brain likes to categorise information and mistakes can be made.

33
Q

Exposure

A

occurs through direct & indirect experience )conform to social norms they are exposed to)

34
Q

Effects of prejudice

A

Social stigma, internalisation of others evaluations, stereotype threat

35
Q

Learning

A

Not born prejudiced.
Association, reinforcement and modelling

36
Q

Self-presentation

A

How people attempt to present themselves to control or shape how others view them.

36
Q

Impression managment

A

Conscious attempt to control hoe others perceive them, often by controlling all information shared in social situations.

37
Q

Self-concept

A

Private sense of self.
Made up of 3 components:
Ideal self - person you want ti be
Self-image - how you see yourself
Self-worth - How much you like, accept or value yourself.

37
Q

Validation

A

Achieved by carefully crafting online presence.
External validation - (likes, comments) may enhance self-worth.

38
Q

Low self-monitors

A

Regulate their behavior with reference to their internal beliefs.

39
Q

High self-monitors

A

Modify the way they present themselves in a social setting in response to social cues

40
Q

Primary effect

A

Is where information received at the beginning carries more weight than the information that follows.
‘First impressions count’

40
Q

Impression managment

A

Managing your image aids in leaving a lasting impression and helps to attain goals and increase success in a range of situations.

41
Q

Recency effet

A

Where the most recent information received carries more weight than the information prior.

42
Q

Schema

A

A set of information that we already know. We have categorised it in our memories.

Psychology (3 decks)

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