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Social Influence Flashcards

1
Q

Obedience

A

Individuals respond to direct order from someone with authority, rules or laws of society.

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2
Q

Compliance

A

Changing behaviour in response to a request to do so. Does not necessarily involve authority figures

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3
Q

Milgram Experiment

A

Investigated factors involved in determining obedience to authority figures

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4
Q

Internal factors

A

Caused by something within the person (personality)

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5
Q

Ethics with Milgram

A

Psychological harm (emotional strain), right to withdraw (encouraged to stay), deception (told they had equal chance of being teacher and learner, not aware of true nature of study)

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6
Q

External factors

A

Caused by something outside the person (situation)

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7
Q

Factors influencing obedience

A

Proximity to authority figure, prestige of authority figure, deindividuation

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8
Q

Stanford Prison experiment

A

Zimbardo investigated if brutality reported among guards in American prisons was due to personalities of guards or the environment.

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9
Q

Insight from Zimbardo’s prison experiment

A

Situational factors play a significant role in behaviours exhibited compared to dispositional.

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10
Q

Ethics with Zimbardo

A

Physical & psychological harm, voluntary participation (paid), informed consent (fake arrest), right to withdraw (questioned and called weak if left), debriefing (happened several years later)

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11
Q

Conformity

A

Individuals yield to groups pressures

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12
Q

3 types of conformity

A

Compliance, identification and internalisation

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13
Q

Compliance

A

Publicly change behaviour to be like majority.
Don’t change minds in private.
Short-term

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14
Q

Identification

A

Take on views of individuals or groups we admire.
Publicly change behaviour and private beliefs.
Short-term

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15
Q

Internalisation

A

Others convince us their beliefs are right and behaviour adjusts accordingly.
Behaviour and thoughts change publicly and privately.
Long-term

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16
Q

Normative social influence (NSI)

A

Conform to be accepted or belong.
Socially rewarding/avoids social punishment.
Compliance or identification

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16
Q

Informational social influence (ISI)

A

Conform to gain knowledge or believe someone else is right.
Adopt new belief system.
Internalisation

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17
Q

Factors affecting comformity

A

Size of group, difficulty of task, answer in private, status of majority group, unanimity, anonymity

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18
Q

Ethocentric bias

A

An individual is culturally biased toward their own culture.
Can’t examine other ethnic groups without comparing to their own.

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18
Q

Ethocentric

A

Viewing other ethnic or cultural groups through the lense of ones own

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19
Q

Ethical implications: Indigenous communities

A

Review process, assessment or advice must be given from networks with knowledge of research with Indigenous people.

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19
Q

Attitude

A

A set of emotions, beliefs and behaviours towards a particular object, person, event or issue.

20
Q

Yale attitude change approach

A

Source- person conveying the message, If viewed favourably more likely to listen
Message- evoke strong emotions
Audience- knowing who

20
Q

Persuasion

A

The art of convincing others to change their attitudes or behaviours

21
Central route
Careful processing of information. Facts and stats
21
Elaboration likelihood model
2 routes central and peripheral
22
Peripheral route
Careful processing of information does NOT occur. Funny, sexy, songs
23
Direct experience
You have experienced something to lead to the formation of attitude. Strengthens attitude
24
Indirect experience
Heard stories from friends, watched TV. Weak attitude formed
25
Persuasion stratergies
3, Norm of reciprocity, Door-in-the-face and Foot-in-the-door
26
Norm of reciprocity
Favours will be returned Actions are reciprocated
26
Measuring attitudes
Behavioural counts, self reports, implicit association test, likert scale, focus groups
27
Foot-in-the-door
Start with small request and then large request Build up
27
Cognitive dissonance
'Psychological discomfort arising from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviours or cognitions.' Influenced by external and internal factors
27
Door-in-the-face
Start with a large request then small request. Only works if large request is turned down.
28
Relationship between attitude and behaviour
Behaviours are seperate and don't always reflect our attitudes
29
Stereotype
A specific belief or assumption about individuals based soley on their membership in a group regardless of their personal characteristics. Belief=cognition
30
Prejudice
A negative attitude towards an individual based soley on their membership in a particular social group. Attitude=cognitions & feelings
31
Discrimination
When people act on their prejudicial attitudes towards a group of people. Act=behaviour
32
Unintentional bias
Automatic, unintentional, inbuilt attitudes that we use when we process information. e.g. talking slowly to old people assuming they can't hear
32
Why are people prejudiced?
The brain likes to categorise information and mistakes can be made.
33
Exposure
occurs through direct & indirect experience )conform to social norms they are exposed to)
34
Effects of prejudice
Social stigma, internalisation of others evaluations, stereotype threat
35
Learning
Not born prejudiced. Association, reinforcement and modelling
36
Self-presentation
How people attempt to present themselves to control or shape how others view them.
36
Impression managment
Conscious attempt to control hoe others perceive them, often by controlling all information shared in social situations.
37
Self-concept
Private sense of self. Made up of 3 components: Ideal self - person you want ti be Self-image - how you see yourself Self-worth - How much you like, accept or value yourself.
37
Validation
Achieved by carefully crafting online presence. External validation - (likes, comments) may enhance self-worth.
38
Low self-monitors
Regulate their behavior with reference to their internal beliefs.
39
High self-monitors
Modify the way they present themselves in a social setting in response to social cues
40
Primary effect
Is where information received at the beginning carries more weight than the information that follows. 'First impressions count'
40
Impression managment
Managing your image aids in leaving a lasting impression and helps to attain goals and increase success in a range of situations.
41
Recency effet
Where the most recent information received carries more weight than the information prior.
42
Schema
A set of information that we already know. We have categorised it in our memories.

Psychology (3 decks)

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