Science Inquiry Skills

Question 1

External Validity

Answer 1

The extent to which results can be generalised beyond the study

Question 2

Variability

Answer 2

A spread of scores
Not all the same

Question 3

Informed Consent

Answer 3

Participants must be fully informed of all aspects of the experiment
Written consent is required
If participant is a minor (16 or younger) they cannot give consent without parental consent

Question 4

Voluntary Participation

Answer 4

Participants have freedom to say they don’t want to participate
Participants volunteer to participate
Should not be pressured

Question 5

Confidentiality

Answer 5

-Information supplied by participant must be kept confidential

Participants must be informed of their confidentiality rights

Information should be disclosed with permission or where there is legal obligation

Question 6

Observational Design

Answer 6

Used where experiment would be unethical
Preexisting variables like sex, age etc.
Watching a group

Question 6

Adequate Debriefing

Answer 6

Must be fully informed of all aspects at the end of the experiment

Any mistakes must be corrected

Participants should be advised of services available to them

Participants should be given opportunity to obtain information collected

Question 6

Free From Physical and Psychological Harm

Answer 6

Well-being of participants is most important
Cannot be harmed in any way

Question 7

Right to Withdraw

Answer 7

Participants must be able to leave whenever
Should not be pressured to stay

Question 8

Experimental Group

Answer 8

Variables being tested
Used to find answers
Experimented on

Question 9

Control Group

Answer 9

Variables are not being tested
Benchmark to compare results from experimental group
Not being experimented on

Question 10

Objective Data

Answer 10

Not based on someone’s opinion
All investigators would obtain the same results or measurements

Question 11

Validity

Answer 11

Assumes the test measures precisely what it aims to measure

Data collected is accurate and represents some truth compared to others outside the study

Question 11

Focus Group

Answer 11

Participants are encouraged to openly discuss
No specific questions asked

Question 12

Subjective Data

Answer 12

Based on someone’s opinion or experience

Question 13

Reliability

Answer 13

Consistency of the findings
Results of a psychology research study

Question 13

Situational (Environmental) Factors

Answer 13

Elements in our environment that can influence behaviours

Question 14

Dispositional (Personal) Factors

Answer 14

Internal factors
Personal qualities that we have little control over
Can be genetic predispositions, personality traits, self-esteem

Question 15

Qualitative Data

Answer 15

Data involving words
Observations

Question 15

Experimental Design

Answer 15

Carrying out research in an objective & controlled environment
Specific conclusions can be drawn
Variables

Question 16

Control Variables

Answer 16

Variables kept consistent
E.g. time, age

Question 17

Nature vs Nurture

Answer 17

Nature: Instincts we are born with

Nurture: ‘Taught’, how we grew up and were raised

Question 18

Extraneous Variables

Answer 18

Variables not being investigated that could affect the outcome of the research
Sleep, hunger etc.

Question 19

BPS Model (BioPsychoSocial)

Answer 19

A model based on the idea that biological, psychological and social factors are all affecting the way we develop.

Question 19

Quantitative Data

Answer 19

Data involving numbers
Percentages, statistics etc.

Question 20

Biological (Bio)

Answer 20

The biological components that impact health
Genes, Nutrition

Question 21

Social

Answer 21

Outside factors effecting health
Stress, Trauma, Environment

Question 22

Psychological (Psycho)

Answer 22

Examines psychological components
Emotions, Behaviours

Question 23

Independent Variables

Answer 23

I change to get results

Question 24

Dependant Variables

Answer 24

Changed as a result of the independent