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psychology - mr rogers > social influence > Flashcards

social influence Flashcards

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1
Q

types of conformity

A

identification
compliance
internalisation

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2
Q

identification

A

changes view publicly and privately

may be temporary

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3
Q

compliance

A

publicly not privately

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4
Q

normative social influence

A

explanations for conformity
people go along without really accepting their view
need for companionship
fear of rejection

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5
Q

informational social influence

A

explanation for conformity
accepts info from others a s evidence about reality

public and private

need to be accepted and feel confident

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6
Q

explanations for conformity

A

normative social influence
informational social influence

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7
Q

asch ao3 - uneconomical

A

uneconomical and time consuming
only testing one

crutchfield - panel of lights

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8
Q

asch ao3 - task difficulty

A

in another experiment - made lines more similar = ambiguous
increased conformity as more unsure

Rosander - questions on general knowledge
1/2 given incorrect answers
conformity increased with Q difficulty

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9
Q

Rosander

A

ao3 for asch

questions on general knowledge
1/2 given incorrect answers
conformity increased with Q difficulty

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10
Q

wittenbrink and Henley

A

ao3 for explanations of obedience
exposed to negative info about African Americans = later reported more negative beliefs

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11
Q

feln et al

A

ao3 of explanations of obedience

participants saw the reactions of fellow participants on screen during a debate
= large shift in participants judgements of performance

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12
Q

informational influence ao3 - moderated by task

A

some judgments are clear- non-social criteria
e.g deciding whether Bristol is most populated

bristol is the most fun
- cannot be made using objective criteria

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13
Q

variations of asch 3

A
  1. size of majority
  2. unanimity
  3. task difficulty
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14
Q

size of majority

A

asch variation
rate 3% with 1 stooge
3 = 33%

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15
Q

unanimity

A

asch variation
confederate before real participant gives correct answer - conformity = 5.5%

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16
Q

task difficulty

A

asch variation
conformity increase with difficulty

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17
Q

zimbardo ao3 real life application

A

led to beneficial reforms
high ecological validity
realistic setting

role playing?

soon took roles seriously - especially zimbardo

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18
Q

zimbardo ao3 situational hypothesis

A

none of participants showed this behaviour before = it was the environment

individual differences - not all guards behaved badly

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19
Q

zimbardo ao3 - lack of objectivity

A

shouldve stopped before 6v days

too involved

ethical issues - psychological harm

did sign informed consent
only deceived about arrest

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20
Q

milgram key experimenters commands

A

the experiment require that you continue

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21
Q

milligram findings

A

65% delivered max shock

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22
Q

asch findings

A

32% conformity rate

75% at least once

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23
Q

milgram variations 3 / situational factors in obedience

A
  1. proximity
  2. location
  3. power of uniform
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24
Q

bushman

A

milgram - power of uniform support
female dressed either police, business or beggar

stopped people in street and told them to give change for a parking meter

72% as police
52% beggar

25
Q

orne and holland

A

milgram ao3
lacked experimental realism.
participants didn’t believe situation was real
responding to demand characteristics

lacked ecological validity

good reason to believe - anxious

26
Q

Sheridan and king

A

milgram supporting study ao3
students train puppy
made mistake = punish with electric shocks
puppy squats
75% delivered maximum shocks

unethical

27
Q

hofling et al

A

milgram ao3
22 nurses

28
Q

agentic state

A

reasons for obedience
not responsible - shift to authority

binding factor = social etiquette

reason for state = maintain positive self-image

29
Q

Lifton

A

agentic state ao3
irreversible transition in German doctors auschwitz

30
Q

staub

A

agent state ao3 - alongside lifton
experience of carrying out evil acts of long time that changes behaviour

31
Q

legitimacy of authority

A

explanations for obedience
condition needed to shift to agent state
shared expectation that there’s an authority figure
accept definitions provided by authority

32
Q

my Lai massacre

A

legitimacy of authority ao3

33
Q

tarnow cockpit

A

captain must know what he’s doing

34
Q

adorno

A

authoritarian personality
early childhood experiences
strict parent s= obedient
freud - harsh punishment = feel hostile = project feelings onto others

F scale - to measure aspects of behaviour and attitudes

35
Q

explnations for obedience

A

agentic state

legitimacy of authority

authoritarian personality

36
Q

resistance to social influence

A

social support
locus of ocntrol

37
Q

social support

A

resistance to social influence
breaks unanimous position
provides confidence
disobedient peer acts as role model

38
Q

locus of control

A

resistance to social influence

perception of personal control over they behaviour

internal locus of control = what happens is consequence of own ability

external = out of they rcontrol

39
Q

Twenge et al

A

locus of control - resistance to social influence

meta analysis
young Americans
believe life is controlled by outside forces
LOC more external recently
externality is correlated to poor school achievement

40
Q

Linz and Semykinan

A

locus of control - resistance to social influence

survey data from Russia employees
gender differences in LOC
men = internal
women = external
men = need for challenge
women = need to be part of group affiliation

41
Q

Rosenstrasse protest

A

social support - resistance to social influence

42
Q

gore and Rotter

A

social support - resistance to social influence
support for Rosenstrasse

students who participate in civil rights protest = high internal LOC

43
Q

Allen and Levine

A

social support - resistance to social influence

doesn’t have to be accurate to be effective

confederate providing support wore glasses - test was about visual discrimination

2nd condition - confederate = no glasses

both conditions reduced amount of conformity

44
Q

moscovici

A

minority influence

judge a coloured slide as green or blue
2 stooges (minority) - say green
gave answers out loud
colour clearly blue
consistent trial = stooge gave green every time
inconsistent = mixture

nearly 1/3 agreed with the minority once

45
Q

moscovici ao3 - lacks eco

A

its a trivial exercise
disagreement over colour of slide doesn’t tell us anything about minority influence IRL

46
Q

moscovici ao3 - artificial

A

different to minority groups in society
suffragettes
they face more determined oposition

47
Q

3 behaviours needed to bring about conversion process

A
  1. consistency
  2. flexibility
  3. commitment
48
Q

mugny

A

minority influence and behaviour
flexibility
flexibility I store effective at changing majority opinion than rigid arguments

49
Q

nemeth and Brilmayer

A

minority influence and behaviour ao3
support
jury situation
amount o compensation
confederate put forward alternative point = exerted influence
confederate did not change position = no effect t

50
Q

nemeth - the real value

A

minority influence and behaviour ao3

dissent in form of minority opens minds
search for more info and consider more options

difficult to convince value of disagreement - quickly become irritated

51
Q

Xie et al

A

minority influence and behaviour
tipping point for agreement

number of people holding minority = sufficient to change

developed computer models with open chats

each person held traditional view but were open to chat to others

spoke to a committed individual with alternative view - if listener held same belief = belief reinforced , different = belief con sided the moved onto next person

if next person same view = adopt it

52
Q

minorities are successful off they are (4)

A
  1. principle - rather than self-interest
  2. sacrifice
  3. share characteristic swift majority
  4. social trends - view keep with them
53
Q

perez

A

social cryptoamnesia

when opinion becomes integral part to society sculpture the source is forgotten

54
Q

moscovici - social change though minority influence. stages of conversion process 5

A
  1. drawing attention to issue
  2. cognitive conflict - between what majority believe and minority
  3. consistency of position
  4. the augmentation principle - appear willing to suffer = committed
  5. snowball effect
55
Q

Perkins and Berkowitz

A

social change trough majority

If people perceive something as norm - they alter behaviour to fit it

perception correction strategies - aim = communicate actual norm

56
Q

schultz et al

A

social change trough majority ao3
social norms and boomerang effect

aimed at individuals who’s behaviour is less desirebale
widespread nature = those with desirable behaviour also receive message

57
Q

social change through minority ao3 -n deviant

A

potential is limited because they’re seen as deviant and so majority avoid aligning themselves with them

message = little impact because attention is on source

58
Q

social change though minority ao3 - gradual

A

strong tendency to conform with majority
maintain status quo rather than engage in change

psychology - mr rogers (4 decks)

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