psychopathology

Question 1

unipolar depression symptoms - behavioural (2)

Answer 1

loss of energy
poor personal hygiene

Question 2

unipolar depression symptoms - emotional (2)

Answer 2

worthlessness
constant depressed mood

Question 3

unipolar depression symptoms - cognitive (2)

Answer 3

reduced concentration
poor memory

Question 4

bipolar depression symptoms - behavioural (2)

Answer 4

high energy levels
reckless behaviour

Question 5

bipolar depression symptoms - emotional

Answer 5

lack of guilt

irritability

Question 6

bipolar depression symptoms - cognitive

Answer 6

delusions

irrational thought processes

Question 7

OCD symptoms - behavioural (1)

Answer 7

repetitive
social impairment

Question 8

OCD symptoms - emotional

Answer 8

distress

Question 9

OCD symptoms - cognitive

Answer 9

uncontrollable urges
realisation of appropriateness

Question 10

phobias symptoms - behavioural

Answer 10

avoidant/ anxiety response
disruption of functioning

Question 11

phobias symptoms - emotional

Answer 11

persistent, excessive fear

fear from exposure to phobic stimulus

Question 12

phobias symptoms - cognitive

Answer 12

recognition of exaggerated anxiety

Question 13

mowrer

Answer 13

behavioural approach to explaining phobias AO1

2-process model
classical and operant conditioning

Question 14

Watson and Rayner

Answer 14

behavioural approach to explaining phobias AO1

little Albert

Question 15

McGrath

Answer 15

behavioural approach to treating phobias AO3

75% of patients respond to systematic desensitisation

Question 16

choy

Answer 16

behavioural approach to treating phobias AO3

flooding is more effective than systematic desensitisation and cheaper

Question 17

grootheest et al

Answer 17

biological approach to explaining OCD AO1
genetic
twin studies
indicate a genetic component to transmission

Question 18

Nestadt

Answer 18

biological approach to explaining OCD AO3
family and twin studies

study compared 80 patients with OCD and their relatives with 70 without OCD and their relatives
found: if relative has OCD 5x more likely to have it

Question 19

koran

Answer 19

biological approach to treating OCD AO3
not a lasting cure
psychotherapies (CBT) should be used first

drugs are effective in he short term, but no lasting cure - patients relapse within a few weeks if medications stop

Question 20

biological approach to treating OCD AO1 - BZs

Answer 20

anti-anxiety drugs

BZs reduce anxiety e.g Xanax

slow activity of CNS by increasing activity of GABA - has quietening effect on neurons in the Brian

GABA increases flow of chloride ions makes it harder for neurons to be stimulated so activity it slowed
= released

Question 21

biological approach to treating OCD AO1 - tri-cyclics

Answer 21

block transporter that re absorbs serotonin and noradrenaline - so more are left in synapse = pro longing activity

Question 22

biological approach to treating OCD AO1 - SSRIs

Answer 22

anti depressants
low levels off serotonin are associated with OCD
SSRIs increase serotonin e.g Prozac -n regulates mood and anxiety

serotonin is related into the synapse - targets receptor cells on the receiving neuron
its reabsorbed by initial neuron
- drugs slow this reuptake