psychopathology Flashcards
unipolar depression symptoms - behavioural (2)
loss of energy
poor personal hygiene
unipolar depression symptoms - emotional (2)
worthlessness
constant depressed mood
unipolar depression symptoms - cognitive (2)
reduced concentration
poor memory
bipolar depression symptoms - behavioural (2)
high energy levels
reckless behaviour
bipolar depression symptoms - emotional
lack of guilt
irritability
bipolar depression symptoms - cognitive
delusions
irrational thought processes
OCD symptoms - behavioural (1)
repetitive
social impairment
OCD symptoms - emotional
distress
OCD symptoms - cognitive
uncontrollable urges
realisation of appropriateness
phobias symptoms - behavioural
avoidant/ anxiety response
disruption of functioning
phobias symptoms - emotional
persistent, excessive fear
fear from exposure to phobic stimulus
phobias symptoms - cognitive
recognition of exaggerated anxiety
mowrer
behavioural approach to explaining phobias AO1
2-process model
classical and operant conditioning
Watson and Rayner
behavioural approach to explaining phobias AO1
little Albert
McGrath
behavioural approach to treating phobias AO3
75% of patients respond to systematic desensitisation
choy
behavioural approach to treating phobias AO3
flooding is more effective than systematic desensitisation and cheaper
grootheest et al
biological approach to explaining OCD AO1
genetic
twin studies
indicate a genetic component to transmission
Nestadt
biological approach to explaining OCD AO3
family and twin studies
study compared 80 patients with OCD and their relatives with 70 without OCD and their relatives
found: if relative has OCD 5x more likely to have it
koran
biological approach to treating OCD AO3
not a lasting cure
psychotherapies (CBT) should be used first
drugs are effective in he short term, but no lasting cure - patients relapse within a few weeks if medications stop
biological approach to treating OCD AO1 - BZs
anti-anxiety drugs
BZs reduce anxiety e.g Xanax
slow activity of CNS by increasing activity of GABA - has quietening effect on neurons in the Brian
GABA increases flow of chloride ions makes it harder for neurons to be stimulated so activity it slowed
= released
biological approach to treating OCD AO1 - tri-cyclics
block transporter that re absorbs serotonin and noradrenaline - so more are left in synapse = pro longing activity
biological approach to treating OCD AO1 - SSRIs
anti depressants
low levels off serotonin are associated with OCD
SSRIs increase serotonin e.g Prozac -n regulates mood and anxiety
serotonin is related into the synapse - targets receptor cells on the receiving neuron
its reabsorbed by initial neuron
- drugs slow this reuptake
