social influence

Question 1

Kelman’s (1958) three types of conformity

Answer 1

compliance, identification, internalisation

Question 2

compliance

Answer 2

adjust behaviour/opinions to those of the group to be accepted, public not private, short term

Question 3

identification

Answer 3

adjust behaviour to be accepted usual because group is desirable, public and private but short term

Question 4

internalisation

Answer 4

genuinely adjust behaviour as thye believe it is correct, public and private, long term.

Question 5

Deutsch and Gerard (1955)

Answer 5

NSI and ISI

Question 6

NSI

Answer 6

normative social influence: want to be liked or accepted, may agree with others and not believe it, look to others for acceptance

Question 7

ISI

Answer 7

informational social influence: want to be right, look to others to see what is correct

Question 8

Jenness (1932)

Answer 8

jellybean research
people tended to make their private guess closer to the group estimate.

Question 9

Asch (1955)

Answer 9

lines
123 American male
18 trials and 12 critical trials
control group 36 participants tested alone.
control group mistakes was 0.04% = obvious correct answers
on 12 critical trials 32% conformity
75% of participants conformed to at least one wrong answer=25% never conformed
5% conformed to all 12 wrong answers.

Question 10

Asch evaluation

Answer 10

became paradigm for conformity research
unrealistic lacked mundane realism
unethical deceit

Question 11

situational variables

Answer 11

group size: conform inc as group size inc to a point- decreased when too many confederates like they got suspicious
unanimity: less likely to conform if someone gives different view even if they dint support that view
task difficulty: look to others the harder the task is more isi then nsi

Question 12

what other personal factors affect conformity

Answer 12

mood : better mood = more conformity

Question 13

Zimbardo (1973)

Answer 13

21 male uni students
10 guards
11 prisoners
guards wore khaki uniforms, reflective sunglasses, handcuffs, keys and truncheons
prisoners wore numbered shmocks, nylon stocking caps (simulate shaved heads) and a chain around one ankle

both settled into roles fast
prisoners were dehumanised
deindividuation

after 36 hours one prisoner was released after fits of crying an rage
others developed same symptoms and were released on successive days, fifth developed a psychosomatic rash
14 days was cut to 6 when Zimbardo realised extent of harm
in later interviews both guards and prisoners were surprised at their own behaviour

Question 14

Milgram (1963)

Answer 14

40 American males aged 20-50
62.5% went to 450 v
100% went to 300 v
visible distress
Germans are different hypothesis disproved

Question 15

ethics of Milgram

Answer 15

psychological harm: two people has seizures
deception: only after participants agreed were shocks mentioned
right to withdraw: people were pushed to continue

Question 16

Agentic state

Answer 16

one is not seen as in control of their actions as thy believe an authority figure will be held responsible to their actions

Question 17

autonomous state

Answer 17

responsible for own actions

Question 18

legitimacy of authority

Answer 18

more likely to do what someone in uniform tells you then just some guy

Question 19

proximity

Answer 19

in teacher and learner were in some room obedience dropped to 40%
if they had to place the learners hand on the shokc plste it drops to 30%

Question 20

location

Answer 20

rundown office dropped to 47.5%
yale uni = 62.5%

Question 21

uniform

Answer 21

Bickman found when ordering people on the street to do different things e.g. pick up rubbish, move away from bus stop
14% obeyed when dressed as milkman
38% in security guard unifrom