IAD, gender and culture

Question 1

gender bias

Answer 1

the differential treatment and presentation of males and females in psychological research and theory

Question 2

three main ways gender bias occurs

Answer 2

1) male samples only
2) male behaviour as standard
3) biological differences emphasis

Question 3

androcentrism

Answer 3

a from of gender bias where men’s behaviour is the standard against which women’s behaviour is compared
women’s behaviour if it differs is considered atypical

Question 4

gynocentrism

Answer 4

a from of gender bias where women’s behaviour is the standard against which men’s behaviour is compared
men’s behaviour if it differs is considered atypical

Question 5

alpha bias

Answer 5

exaggerates differences between men and women
Freud - women are just morally weaker than men

Question 6

beta bias

Answer 6

downplays differences between men and women
Lee and Harley - women r more likely to tend and befriend

Question 7

culture systems

Answer 7

microsystem: immediate context the child is involved = face to face interactions with their mother
mesosystems: variety of environments the child enters = school, nursery, grandparents house and home.
exosystem: affect the child even though they don’t go there due to them interacting with their microsystems = child’s home (mesosystem) and parents workplace (exosystem)
macrosystem: the culture the child grows up in, has a direct effect on

Question 8

cultural bias

Answer 8

tendency to judge and treat people in relation to one’s own cultural beliefs and practices

Question 9

ethnocentrism

Answer 9

the assumption that one ethnic group is superior to another or all others and that the behaviour in that group is the ‘norm’

Question 10

cultural relativism

Answer 10

belief that it is essential to consider the cultural context when examining behaviour in that culture. there is no global right or wrong, it varies across cultures

Question 11

evaluation

Answer 11

difficult to look at research through completely objective eyes but a recognition that bias can occur is important in ensuring its effects are minimised.
issue of reactivity: gender of researcher can affect outcomes of research. also concerns if the researcher is from the ethnic majority or minority in the culture in which the research was conducted