Social Influence 💕

Question 1

Conformity

Answer 1

Conformity is a form of social influence that occurs when a person changes their beliefs/attitudes due to group pressure.

Question 2

Obedience

Answer 2

Doing what an authority figure tells you to do

Question 3

What are the three types of conformity? Cues

Answer 3

C
Id
It

Question 4

Who did Asch test in his line experiment on

Answer 4

123 American men

Question 5

A01 cues for Asch’s conformity study. 1-5

Answer 5

1. 123
2. Compared lines..
3. P’s said answers aloud
4. __/18 CT to divert
5. P’s sat.. to hear..
   in groups of 6 to..

Question 6

State Asch’s three situational variables (cues)

Answer 6

U
T D
G S

Question 7

Describe the three situational variables and what they did to conformity rates

Answer 7

U- ally confederate introduced to disagree with other wrong confederates, reduced conformity 25%
TD- made the lines more similar in length, conformity increased
GS- no need for the maj to be more than 3, extra confederate numbers up to 15 did not increase conformity

Question 8

Evaluation points for Asch (easy)
Cues 1-6 points

Answer 8

1. • Lab, int
2. • Lab, ex
3. • Cultural Limits
4. • Gender limits
5. • Ethics
6. • Explains social issues

Question 9

Explain evaluation points for Asch 1-5

Answer 9

1. Positive for Lab- controlled environment, standardised procedure= high internal validity
2. Negative for lab- Artificial situation, does not relate to the pressures of a real situation you would conform in= bad external validity
3. Cultural limits, doesn’t generalise study to other cultures,
   American participants are individualistic. Bond and Smith found that ppl in collectivist countries conform more.
4. Gender limits, doesnt generalise to women, assumes women have same conformity levels. Neto later found women are more conformist.
5. Ethics
   Psychological harm by diseption to p’s.
6. Explains societal issues
   Helps to understand mass conformity such as post holocaust/ German conformity

Question 10

What are the explanations for conformity (made by D+G)

Answer 10

Deutsh and Gerald 1955
Normative social influence
Informational social influence

Question 11

Evaluation point for the 2 explanations of conformity

Answer 11

NSI- c in orig Asch 36.8% =12.5%
ISI- Lucas task difficulty

Question 12

Define social roles

Answer 12

The parts people play in a social group.
Formed from our expectation of what’s appropriate for that specific role

Question 13

Who did Milgram conduct his study on?

Answer 13

40 American men

Question 14

What was the aim of Milgram study?

Answer 14

Assess obedience in a situation where an Authority Figure (E) ordered the Participant (T) to give shocks to a Learner located in another room. (Increasing socks by 15 v up to 450)
- the shocks were fake but the Teacher didn’t know this

Question 15

Milgram findings

Answer 15

100%= 300 volts
65%= 450 volts
Also qualitative data: ps showed extreme t.. =s, s, trembling, biting.., _/40 had..

Question 16

Conclusion of Milgram study

Answer 16

American p’s willing to obey orders even when harming another person

Explains why at the time 1963 Germans acted as Nazis

Question 17

What are some traits of an authoritarian personality

Answer 17

• more susceptible to obeying authority
• AP people are submissive to those with higher status and inferior to people they deem as weaker in society
• traditional/conventional values in religion/ gender roles
• rigid cognitive style= black and white way of thinking/ inflexible outlook to the world

Question 18

According to Adorno what causes an Authoritarian Personality

Answer 18

Conditional love and overly strict parenting

Question 19

What is the F scale?

Answer 19

A questionnaire that measures Authoritarian personality

Question 20

What is good about Adorno’s F-scale

Answer 20

Milgram and Elms 1966 interviewed a sample from Milgram original obedience study.
20 fully obedient p’s scored higher on the Fscale than the 20 disobedient p’s

Question 21

What are the two explanations of resistance to social influence?

Answer 21

Social support (role of allies)
Locus of control

Question 22

Draw the continuum for locus of control

Answer 22

External loc. Internal loc
|_______________________________|
Fate/luck Only I

Question 23

Locus of control

Answer 23

Resisting obedience
Higher Loc means greater resistance to social influence
Rotter said that having a strong internal loc will make us less obedient and more likely to resist

Question 24

Social support (role of allies)

Answer 24

Resisting conformity
Asch’s study= ally confederate broke the unanimity of the group and gave the real p a buddy to follow their own conscience

Question 25

Define statistical infrequency

Answer 25

A behaviour is abnormal if it is uncommon or not seen in society