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Psychology > Social Influence > Flashcards

Social Influence Flashcards

1
Q

What did Asch use to experiment conformity?

A

Judging the lengths of lines

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2
Q

What was Asch’s Procedure?

A

Confederates gave incorrect answers to the line judging task to see if participants would conform

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3
Q

What did Asch find?

A

Participants conformed on 36.8% trials

25% never conformed

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4
Q

In Asch’s experiment what did a dissenter cause?

A

A dissenter reduced conformity

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5
Q

When the line judging task was harder what happened to conformity levels?

A

Conformity increased

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6
Q

What did Perrin and Spencer find?

A

Experimented in 1980 on uk engineering students

they found less conformity in 1980 than 1950 (when asch did his experiment)

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7
Q

One disadvantage of Asch’s experimental task

A

Artificial task meaning PPS just [played along with the trivial task

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8
Q

Why was there limited application on Asch’s findings?

A

Only conducted on American men

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9
Q

Who investigated conformity to social roles?

A

Zimbardo

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10
Q

What was Zimbardo’s procedure?

A

Mock prison in Stanford university with students randomly assigned as guards or prisoners.

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11
Q

What were zimbardo’s findings? (What happened)

A

Guards became increasingly brutal

Prisoners became increasingly withdrawn and depressed

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12
Q

What did Zimbardo conclude?

A

PPS conformed to their roles as guards and prisoners

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13
Q

What were the disposition all influences in SPE?

A

Only 1/3 guards were brutal so therefore findings exaggerated

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14
Q

Did SPE lack realism?

A

Yes

PPS were play acting their roles according to media stereotypes

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15
Q

List an advantage of SPE

A

Good control as roles were randomly assigned

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16
Q

What is internalisation?

A

Private and public acceptance of group norms

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17
Q

What is identification?

A

Change behaviour to be part of a group we identify with

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18
Q

What is compliance?

A

When you go along with group publicly but no private change

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19
Q

What is informational social influence?

A

Conform to be right

Assume other known better than us

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20
Q

What is normative social influence?

A

Conform to be liked or accepted by others

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21
Q

What is the research support for ISI?

A

More conformity to incorrect maths answers when they were difficult as predicted by ISI

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22
Q

What is one evaluation point for NSI?

A

NAffiliators want to be liked more

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23
Q

Can ISI and NSI work together?

A

Yes

A dissenter may reduce the power of these

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24
Q

What was Milgrams procedure?

A

Participants gave fake electric shocks to a learner in obedience to instructions from the experimenter

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25
Q

Milgrams findings

A

65% highest shock of 450v

100% gave shocks up to 300v

Many showed signs of anxiety

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26
Q

Supporting evidence for Milgram

A

Game of death found 80% gave Max shock plus similar behaviour to Milgrams experiment

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27
Q

List an advantage of Milgrams experiment

A

Good external validity: can generalise findings to other situations eg. Hospitals

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28
Q

List a disadvantage of Milgrams experiment

A

Low internal validity: PPS realised shocks were fake but replication with real shocks gave similar results so?

29
Q

List the three situational variables in Milgrams experiment

A

Proximity

Uniform

Location

30
Q

What effect did proximity have on Milgrams experiment?

A

Obedience decreased to 40% when teacher could hear learner and to 30% in touch proximity condition

31
Q

What effect did location have on Milgrams experiment?

A

Obedience decreased to 47.5% when study moved to run down office block

32
Q

What effect did uniform have on Milgrams experiment?

A

Obedience decreased to 20% when members of the public was the experimenter

33
Q

What did Bickman show? (In link to Milgram)

A

He showed power of uniform in a field experiment

34
Q

What does Milgrams procedures lack?

A

Internal validity

35
Q

Are there cross cultural findings to support Milgram?

A

Yes

In USA so not generalisable

36
Q

What is agentic state?

A

Acting as an agent of another

(No personal responsibility for our behaviour)

37
Q

What is an autonomous state?

A

Free to act according to conscience

Switching between agentic state and autonomous state= agentic shift

38
Q

What are binding factors?

A

Allows individuals to ignore the damaging effects of their obedient behaviour

Ignore moral strain

39
Q

What did blass and Schmitt find?

A

People blame legitimate authority for the PPS behaviour

40
Q

Is agentic state a good explanation for Milgram?

A

No

Cannot explain why some of Milgrams PPS disobeyed

41
Q

What is the legitimacy of authority?

A

We are more likely to obey someone who we believe has more power over us.

42
Q

What is destructive authority?

A

When problems arise ie. Hitler

43
Q

One advantage of legitimacy of authority to explain obedience

A

Explains obedience in different cultural settings as it reflects different social hierarchy’s

44
Q

What did Adorno et al investigate?

A

The authoritarian personality

45
Q

What did Adorno use to investigate the authoritarian personality?

A

The F scale (F stands for faccist)

46
Q

What did Adorno find?

A

People with authoritarian personality identify with the strong and have fixed cognitive style

47
Q

What are two characteristics of an authoritarian personality?

A

Extreme respect for authority and obedience for it

48
Q

What are the origins of an authoritarian personality?

A

Harsh parenting creates hostility that cannot be expressed against parents so it is displaced

49
Q

Is the authoritarian personality biased?

A

Yes

Politically biased it is extremely right winged and ignores the left wing authoritarianism

50
Q

Research support for Adorno (authoritarian personality)

A

Some of Milgrams obedient PPS had an authoritarian personality

51
Q

One disadvantage of the authoritarian personality

A

There is a correlation but it doesn’t mean causation

52
Q

What is locus of control?

A

LOC is a sense of what directs events in our lives (rotter)

53
Q

What is continuum?

A

High internal at one end and high external at the other

54
Q

Which LOC is most likely to resist pressures to conform?

A

High internal LOC

55
Q

Research support for LOC

A

Internals less likely to obey in a Milgram type experiment

56
Q

What is the Contradictory research about LOC

A

People have become more external and more disobedient recently

Hard for LOC to explain

57
Q

What did Allen and Levine find?

A

Conformity decreases when one person dissents even if they are not creditable

58
Q

What did Gamson find?

A

Obedience drops when disobedient role models are present

59
Q

What is consistency?

A

If the minority is consistent this attracts the attention of the majority over time

60
Q

What is commitment?

A

Augmentation principle- personal sacrifices show commitment and attract attention

61
Q

What is flexibility?

A

Minority more convincing if they accept some counter arguments

62
Q

What is the snowball effect?

A

Minority views gathers momentum until its becomes majority influence

63
Q

What did moscovici do?

A

Investigated minority influence

Blue/green slide

64
Q

One limitation of moscovici

A

Artificial task so tells us little about real life

65
Q

Why do minority views have longer effect?

A

Because they are deeply processed

66
Q

List one example of minority influence

A

Civil rights movement in USA

67
Q

How can NSI lead to social change?

A

By drawing attention to what the majority is doing

68
Q

Is NSI a valid explanation of social change?

A

Yes

Eg. Reducing energy consumption

69
Q

List the 6 steps to social change

A

Drawing attention

Consistency

Deeper processing

Augmentation principle

Snowball effect

Social cryptomnesia

Psychology (7 decks)

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