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Social Influence Flashcards

1
Q

What did Asch use to experiment conformity?

A

Judging the lengths of lines

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2
Q

What was Asch’s Procedure?

A

Confederates gave incorrect answers to the line judging task to see if participants would conform

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3
Q

What did Asch find?

A

Participants conformed on 36.8% trials

25% never conformed

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4
Q

In Asch’s experiment what did a dissenter cause?

A

A dissenter reduced conformity

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5
Q

When the line judging task was harder what happened to conformity levels?

A

Conformity increased

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6
Q

What did Perrin and Spencer find?

A

Experimented in 1980 on uk engineering students

they found less conformity in 1980 than 1950 (when asch did his experiment)

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7
Q

One disadvantage of Asch’s experimental task

A

Artificial task meaning PPS just [played along with the trivial task

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8
Q

Why was there limited application on Asch’s findings?

A

Only conducted on American men

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9
Q

Who investigated conformity to social roles?

A

Zimbardo

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10
Q

What was Zimbardo’s procedure?

A

Mock prison in Stanford university with students randomly assigned as guards or prisoners.

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11
Q

What were zimbardo’s findings? (What happened)

A

Guards became increasingly brutal

Prisoners became increasingly withdrawn and depressed

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12
Q

What did Zimbardo conclude?

A

PPS conformed to their roles as guards and prisoners

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13
Q

What were the disposition all influences in SPE?

A

Only 1/3 guards were brutal so therefore findings exaggerated

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14
Q

Did SPE lack realism?

A

Yes

PPS were play acting their roles according to media stereotypes

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15
Q

List an advantage of SPE

A

Good control as roles were randomly assigned

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16
Q

What is internalisation?

A

Private and public acceptance of group norms

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17
Q

What is identification?

A

Change behaviour to be part of a group we identify with

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18
Q

What is compliance?

A

When you go along with group publicly but no private change

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19
Q

What is informational social influence?

A

Conform to be right

Assume other known better than us

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20
Q

What is normative social influence?

A

Conform to be liked or accepted by others

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21
Q

What is the research support for ISI?

A

More conformity to incorrect maths answers when they were difficult as predicted by ISI

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22
Q

What is one evaluation point for NSI?

A

NAffiliators want to be liked more

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23
Q

Can ISI and NSI work together?

A

Yes

A dissenter may reduce the power of these

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24
Q

What was Milgrams procedure?

A

Participants gave fake electric shocks to a learner in obedience to instructions from the experimenter

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25
Milgrams findings
65% highest shock of 450v 100% gave shocks up to 300v Many showed signs of anxiety
26
Supporting evidence for Milgram
Game of death found 80% gave Max shock plus similar behaviour to Milgrams experiment
27
List an advantage of Milgrams experiment
Good external validity: can generalise findings to other situations eg. Hospitals
28
List a disadvantage of Milgrams experiment
Low internal validity: PPS realised shocks were fake but replication with real shocks gave similar results so?
29
List the three situational variables in Milgrams experiment
Proximity Uniform Location
30
What effect did proximity have on Milgrams experiment?
Obedience decreased to 40% when teacher could hear learner and to 30% in touch proximity condition
31
What effect did location have on Milgrams experiment?
Obedience decreased to 47.5% when study moved to run down office block
32
What effect did uniform have on Milgrams experiment?
Obedience decreased to 20% when members of the public was the experimenter
33
What did Bickman show? (In link to Milgram)
He showed power of uniform in a field experiment
34
What does Milgrams procedures lack?
Internal validity
35
Are there cross cultural findings to support Milgram?
Yes In USA so not generalisable
36
What is agentic state?
Acting as an agent of another (No personal responsibility for our behaviour)
37
What is an autonomous state?
Free to act according to conscience Switching between agentic state and autonomous state= agentic shift
38
What are binding factors?
Allows individuals to ignore the damaging effects of their obedient behaviour Ignore moral strain
39
What did blass and Schmitt find?
People blame legitimate authority for the PPS behaviour
40
Is agentic state a good explanation for Milgram?
No Cannot explain why some of Milgrams PPS disobeyed
41
What is the legitimacy of authority?
We are more likely to obey someone who we believe has more power over us.
42
What is destructive authority?
When problems arise ie. Hitler
43
One advantage of legitimacy of authority to explain obedience
Explains obedience in different cultural settings as it reflects different social hierarchy’s
44
What did Adorno et al investigate?
The authoritarian personality
45
What did Adorno use to investigate the authoritarian personality?
The F scale (F stands for faccist)
46
What did Adorno find?
People with authoritarian personality identify with the strong and have fixed cognitive style
47
What are two characteristics of an authoritarian personality?
Extreme respect for authority and obedience for it
48
What are the origins of an authoritarian personality?
Harsh parenting creates hostility that cannot be expressed against parents so it is displaced
49
Is the authoritarian personality biased?
Yes Politically biased it is extremely right winged and ignores the left wing authoritarianism
50
Research support for Adorno (authoritarian personality)
Some of Milgrams obedient PPS had an authoritarian personality
51
One disadvantage of the authoritarian personality
There is a correlation but it doesn’t mean causation
52
What is locus of control?
LOC is a sense of what directs events in our lives (rotter)
53
What is continuum?
High internal at one end and high external at the other
54
Which LOC is most likely to resist pressures to conform?
High internal LOC
55
Research support for LOC
Internals less likely to obey in a Milgram type experiment
56
What is the Contradictory research about LOC
People have become more external and more disobedient recently Hard for LOC to explain
57
What did Allen and Levine find?
Conformity decreases when one person dissents even if they are not creditable
58
What did Gamson find?
Obedience drops when disobedient role models are present
59
What is consistency?
If the minority is consistent this attracts the attention of the majority over time
60
What is commitment?
Augmentation principle- personal sacrifices show commitment and attract attention
61
What is flexibility?
Minority more convincing if they accept some counter arguments
62
What is the snowball effect?
Minority views gathers momentum until its becomes majority influence
63
What did moscovici do?
Investigated minority influence Blue/green slide
64
One limitation of moscovici
Artificial task so tells us little about real life
65
Why do minority views have longer effect?
Because they are deeply processed
66
List one example of minority influence
Civil rights movement in USA
67
How can NSI lead to social change?
By drawing attention to what the majority is doing
68
Is NSI a valid explanation of social change?
Yes Eg. Reducing energy consumption
69
List the 6 steps to social change
Drawing attention Consistency Deeper processing Augmentation principle Snowball effect Social cryptomnesia

Psychology (4 decks)

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