social influence Flashcards
what is comformity
its a type of social influence involing a change in behaviour or belief in order to fit in
what are the 3 types of conformity
- compliance
- identification
- internalisation
what is compliance
where you change your views in public to go along with others, but keep your original views in private
what is identification
where you change your views for a group because you admire them whether thats just publicly or both in public and private. it only lasts as long as your with that certain group
what is internalisation
where you permenantly change your views in public and private and you genuinely accept the groups views and norms as your own
what was asch’s procedure
50 male volunteers took part in a study of visual perception. they were sat in a line an one by one had to say if the stimulus line shown was either line A, B, or C.all of the men in the room were confederates except for the one sat 2nd to last in the line
what was asch’s results
36.8% gave the wrong answer all the time
25% never conformed
75% conformed atleast once
why do people conform
people are most likely to conform because:
they want to be liked(normative influence)
they want to be right(informative influence)
what was asch’s 3 variations of his experiment
- difficulty of the task
- size of majority
3.unanimity
what was the difficulty of the task variable (asch)
asch make the stimulus lines and the comparison lines closer together so the questions were harder
what did the difficulty of the task variable find (asch)
asch found that the harder the task, the more people conformed due to informative influence
what was the size of the majority variable in asch’s study
asch changed the amount of conferedates who got it purposefully wrong to see if the percentage of conformity changed
what did the size of majority find (asch)
the samller the group the less people conform. if the group was bigger than 3 people conformed
how does bond contradict asch(size majority)
he says thatnormative social influnece is stronger when answering face to face with majority and informative is stronger when in private
what is unanimity (asch)
there were 2 variables
v1. confederates give the wrong answerbut one gave the correct answer
v2.all confederates gave the wrong answer but one who gave the different wrong answer
what was the findings of the unanimity (asch)
9% conformed when there was a break in unanimity
what was zimbardos procedure
he had 24 students form stanford university play roles of (12) guards and (12) prisoners. zimbardo played the warden.
the guards:
they were invited to help set up the mock prison, then given uniform, truncheon, handcuffs and reflective sunglasses. and they only had 2 rules to follow: keep order in the prison and no physical harm
the prisoners:
they were arrested from there homes in the afternoon to get a real experience of what will happen. they were stripped and given smocks and numbers.
and they all had to conform to their roles for 2 weeks
what were the results of zimbardos experiment
th guards completely took over and made the prisoners do stuff like get up in the middle of the night and be locked in a closet with no light
the prisoners retaliated by shouting and swearing at the guards, they ripped there uniform etc. the guards sprayed them with fire extinguishers.
all the participants were mentally stable before the experiment but because of all of this, a prisoner had a breakdown only 36 hours into the experiment and had to be remov
what is obedience
where you follow orders that is given to you by someone with higher authority
what was milgrams procedure
the had 40 american males from the new have area aged 20-50 volunteer. they were taken to a waiting room when they arrived, the met mr wallace and had a discussion about how he had a weak heart. then the experimenter went to them and mad them draw straws(it was fixed so the pt was teacher and mr W was learner) the strapped mr W to a electric shock machine and lef the room to a different room where pt and experimenter was. experimenter had box that controlled voltage of shock machine . each time mr W got a question wrong, Pt had to shck him.
150v- learner complained about pain
300v-vpeople stoped giving shocks
315v learner goes silent
450v-max shock
what were the findings of milgrams study
participant were uncomfortable because the were sweaty, nervous and a few of them had seizures. they nervously laughed at some points and hsitated pressing the buttons.
12.5% of pts gave 300 volts
65% gave max voltage
what were the 5 variations of milgrams study
- uniform
2.location - close proximity
4.touch proximity - far proximity
what was the uniform variation (milgrim) and what did the obedience rate change to
the experimenter took off his lab coat and wore normal clothes
the obieince rate was 20%
what was the location variation and what did the obedience rate change to
the experiment was moved from yale university to a run down block of offices.
the obedience rate chaged to 47.5%
what was the close proximity variation (milgram) and what did the obedience rate change to
the learner moved into the same room as the experimenter and the teacher
the obiedience rate changed to 40%
what was the touch proximity variation(milgram)what did the obedience rate change to
the participant was made to force the learners hand on the machine when they pulled it away
the conformity rate changed to 30%
what was the far proximity variation(milgram)what did the obedience rate change to
the experimenter left the room and gave the instructions through a telephone
the obedience rate dropped to 20.5%
what were the 4 statements given to push for the participsnts to carry on
- please continue
2.the experiment requires you to continue - it is absolutely essential that you continue
- you have no other choice but to continue
what is the agentic state
where an individual believes that they arent in control of themselves and there actions arent their fault as they believe they are an instrument of an authority figure
what is the agentic state vs the autonomous state
the agentic state is where you feel you arent in control and are just following orders from an authority figure.whereas the autonous state is when you are aware of your axctions and take control and responsibility for your actions
what is diffused responsibility
where a person has a small sense of responsibility because they assuse others will take action
what is moral strain
where a person feels uncomfrotable /distressed as a consequence of going against their moral compass and doing something you know is wrong
what are the 2 ways people cope with moral strain
1.repression
2.denial
what is repression
its a type of psychological defense mechanism that involves keeping certain thoughts,feelings or urges of conscious awareness
what is denial
where you pretent the wrong doing/event never happened
what is legicimacy of authority
how we know how to recognise authority, whether thats through uniform, location etc. socialisation and the social heirarchy helps us identify who is an authority figure
what is socialisation
where from a young age we are taught by people like our parents about who has authority over us and how to recognise authority
what is authoritarian personality
where you are more likely to submit to authority figures due to factors such as might is right, upbringing,personality traits and the f-scale
what is might is right
where an individual is insecure and believes they need power and toughness which leads to them being highly obedient to authority figures
what is upbringing (authoritarian personality)
where the individual is taught from an early age to obey people who have power and privilege
what are the 4 personality traits of someone with authoritarian personality
- respect for authority figures and submission towards them
- tunnel vision
- general hostilities towards minorities and racial favouritism
- intolerance of ambiguity
what is the f-scale
a quiz soemone can take to see how fascious they are
what is resisting social influence
where you be have in accordance with ones own internal attitude- they resist the pressures to conform and/or obey
what is social support
where someone from a minority gains an ally who disagrees with the majority so the perosn gains confidence in expressing their views
whatis internal locus of control
where an individual can resist the agentic state and take control and responsibility of there actions and behaviours
what is minority influence
where a minority group of people persuade others to adopt their beliefs.
what are the 2 types of consistency and what are they
- synchronic consistency -where between the members views of the minority
- diachronic consistency -where there is consistency of views over time
what is commitment
the demonstration of dedication to the position. and it shows the minority isnt acting out of self interest
what is the augmentation priciple
when a group member performs an action even though they know there is a consequence for it
what is flexibility
where the group can either negotiate or temporarily stop what they are fighting for so they can get a better outcome
what is social change
where a society develops over time to replace beliefes,attitudes and behaviours with new norms and expectations
what is the snowball effect
when a change begins to happen, it picks up rapidly and the minority becomes the majority fast
what is social crypto-amnesia
after the change is successful, people forget the change happened or where the change began
