memory Flashcards
what are the 3 names of the stores of the MSM?
sensory register
short term memory
long term memory
what is the duration, capactiy and encoding of the sensory register?
duration: 0.5 seconds
encoding: modality specific
capacity: very high
what is the duration, capactiy and encoding of the short term memory?
duration: 18-30 seconds
encoding: echoic/ accoustic
capacity: 5-9 items
what is the duration, capactiy and encoding of the long term memory
duration: perminant
encoding: semantic
capacity: unlimited
who made the multi store model
atkinson and shiffrin
what are the 5 stores of the WMM?
phonological loop
episodic buffer
visuo-spacial sketchpad
central executive
long term memory
what is in the phonological loop
phonological store
articulatory control system
what are in the visuo-spacial sketchpad
visual cache
inner scribe
what does the episodic buffer do
the episodic buffer intergrades info processed from other stores into one and sends it to the long term memory.
what does the phonological loop do
it stores what you hear and the articulary process is your mantainence rehearsal
what does the visuo-spacial sketchpad do
it stores visual data and it has your inner scribe which is where objects are in your visua field
what does the central executive do
an attentional process that moniters incoming data and makes decisions and allocates slaves systems to tasks
(NO PROCESSING IS HAPPENING)
what are the 3 types of long term memory
procedural
semantic
episodic
what is procedural memory
its responsible for knowing how to do things (your motor skills)
where is the prcoedural memory stored in the brain
cerebellum
what is semantic memory
it is factual information which is also know as our knowledge dictionary
where is semantic memory stored in the brain
temporal lobes and hippocampus
what are episodic memory
they are time stamped events
what are the 2 explanations for forgetting
proactive
retroactive
what is proactive interference
where old memories replace new similar memories
what is retroactive interference
where new memories start to replace old similar memories
what is retrieval failure due to the absence of cues?
where memories cant be accessed because cues from the memory traces of the memories are not there
what are context cues
they are cue from the environment that are “hoovered in”to the memory trace
what are state cues
they are cues “hoovered in” from your thoughts feeling and emotions
what are organisational cues
they are special type of context cues that help us arrange and structure knowledge and materials
what are the 2 factors affecting the accuracy of eyewitness testimony
misleading information
anxiety
what are the 2 types of misleading information
post-event discussion
leading questions
what are leading questions
a question that is phrased in a certain way to suggest an answer
whhat is post-event discussion
where the witnesses memories become contaminated by peoples thoughts and opinions of the story which makes the witnesses memory of the event change and become corrupt
what are the 3 ways that PED could damage the EWT
retroactive interference
conformity
repeat interviewing
how can retroactive interference damage EWT
when you witness a crime and see things like media coverage of it in the news or hear a conversation of it,it is going to contaminate your memory of what actually happened to match up with what the news or people are saying
how can conformity effect EWT
many EW’s want to be liked or right so when they hear peoples views and thoughts on what happen. the witness will alter there memory to match up with the persons story
how does repeating interviews damage EWT
due to the reconstructive nature of memory, psychologist believe that repeating questions and having the witness answer them over again in an interview could damage the original memory of the event becuase of retreval failure
how does anxiety affect the accuracy of EWT
the witness’s anxiety levels will be high, especiallying a threating/dangerous environment so they may not take in their surrounding such as where or who is commiting the crime
what did yerkes and dodson find when studying anxiety
they found that there is an optimum level of anxiety to get the best EWT. if you increase the axiety, the witness’s accuracy will go up until you hit an optimum level then the witnesses performance declines
what is the cognitive interview technique
it is where the police use recall strategies and methods to try and increase the accuracy of the witnesses recall
what are the 4 techniques of the cognitive interview
mental reinstatement of orginal context
report everything
change order
change perspective
what is change perspective
where the witness is made to try and tell the event in the perspective of someone else
why is the change of perspecive in the CI important?
witnesses may fill in the blanks based on what they expect to happen in a situation becuase of their schemas. by changing perspectives, it stops the witness from doing that
what is changing order in CI
where the witness is made to describe the event in different order e.g. backwards
why is changing order in CI important
by changing the order it stops schemas from filling in the blanks of what happened in the situation
what is report everything in CI
where the witness reports every little detsil, even if they think that its not important
why i reporting everything in CI important
memories are often interconnected so recalling little irrelevant info, it may cue more memories of the event
what is mental reinstatement of original context in CI
where the interviewer tries to recreate the evironment and feelings of the event so the witness can unlock memories
why is the reinstatement of original context of CI important
it can help the witness retrieve forgotten memories by having context and state cues
