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Psychology paper 1 > memory > Flashcards

memory Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 names of the stores of the MSM?

A

sensory register

short term memory

long term memory

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2
Q

what is the duration, capactiy and encoding of the sensory register?

A

duration: 0.5 seconds

encoding: modality specific

capacity: very high

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3
Q

what is the duration, capactiy and encoding of the short term memory?

A

duration: 18-30 seconds

encoding: echoic/ accoustic

capacity: 5-9 items

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4
Q

what is the duration, capactiy and encoding of the long term memory

A

duration: perminant

encoding: semantic

capacity: unlimited

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5
Q

who made the multi store model

A

atkinson and shiffrin

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6
Q

what are the 5 stores of the WMM?

A

phonological loop
episodic buffer
visuo-spacial sketchpad
central executive
long term memory

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7
Q

what is in the phonological loop

A

phonological store

articulatory control system

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8
Q

what are in the visuo-spacial sketchpad

A

visual cache

inner scribe

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9
Q

what does the episodic buffer do

A

the episodic buffer intergrades info processed from other stores into one and sends it to the long term memory.

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10
Q

what does the phonological loop do

A

it stores what you hear and the articulary process is your mantainence rehearsal

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11
Q

what does the visuo-spacial sketchpad do

A

it stores visual data and it has your inner scribe which is where objects are in your visua field

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12
Q

what does the central executive do

A

an attentional process that moniters incoming data and makes decisions and allocates slaves systems to tasks

(NO PROCESSING IS HAPPENING)

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13
Q

what are the 3 types of long term memory

A

procedural

semantic

episodic

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14
Q

what is procedural memory

A

its responsible for knowing how to do things (your motor skills)

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15
Q

where is the prcoedural memory stored in the brain

A

cerebellum

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16
Q

what is semantic memory

A

it is factual information which is also know as our knowledge dictionary

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17
Q

where is semantic memory stored in the brain

A

temporal lobes and hippocampus

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18
Q

what are episodic memory

A

they are time stamped events

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19
Q

what are the 2 explanations for forgetting

A

proactive

retroactive

20
Q

what is proactive interference

A

where old memories replace new similar memories

21
Q

what is retroactive interference

A

where new memories start to replace old similar memories

22
Q

what is retrieval failure due to the absence of cues?

A

where memories cant be accessed because cues from the memory traces of the memories are not there

23
Q

what are context cues

A

they are cue from the environment that are “hoovered in”to the memory trace

24
Q

what are state cues

A

they are cues “hoovered in” from your thoughts feeling and emotions

25
Q

what are organisational cues

A

they are special type of context cues that help us arrange and structure knowledge and materials

26
Q

what are the 2 factors affecting the accuracy of eyewitness testimony

A

misleading information

anxiety

27
Q

what are the 2 types of misleading information

A

post-event discussion

leading questions

28
Q

what are leading questions

A

a question that is phrased in a certain way to suggest an answer

29
Q

whhat is post-event discussion

A

where the witnesses memories become contaminated by peoples thoughts and opinions of the story which makes the witnesses memory of the event change and become corrupt

30
Q

what are the 3 ways that PED could damage the EWT

A

retroactive interference

conformity

repeat interviewing

31
Q

how can retroactive interference damage EWT

A

when you witness a crime and see things like media coverage of it in the news or hear a conversation of it,it is going to contaminate your memory of what actually happened to match up with what the news or people are saying

32
Q

how can conformity effect EWT

A

many EW’s want to be liked or right so when they hear peoples views and thoughts on what happen. the witness will alter there memory to match up with the persons story

33
Q

how does repeating interviews damage EWT

A

due to the reconstructive nature of memory, psychologist believe that repeating questions and having the witness answer them over again in an interview could damage the original memory of the event becuase of retreval failure

34
Q

how does anxiety affect the accuracy of EWT

A

the witness’s anxiety levels will be high, especiallying a threating/dangerous environment so they may not take in their surrounding such as where or who is commiting the crime

35
Q

what did yerkes and dodson find when studying anxiety

A

they found that there is an optimum level of anxiety to get the best EWT. if you increase the axiety, the witness’s accuracy will go up until you hit an optimum level then the witnesses performance declines

36
Q

what is the cognitive interview technique

A

it is where the police use recall strategies and methods to try and increase the accuracy of the witnesses recall

37
Q

what are the 4 techniques of the cognitive interview

A

mental reinstatement of orginal context

report everything

change order

change perspective

38
Q

what is change perspective

A

where the witness is made to try and tell the event in the perspective of someone else

39
Q

why is the change of perspecive in the CI important?

A

witnesses may fill in the blanks based on what they expect to happen in a situation becuase of their schemas. by changing perspectives, it stops the witness from doing that

40
Q

what is changing order in CI

A

where the witness is made to describe the event in different order e.g. backwards

41
Q

why is changing order in CI important

A

by changing the order it stops schemas from filling in the blanks of what happened in the situation

42
Q

what is report everything in CI

A

where the witness reports every little detsil, even if they think that its not important

43
Q

why i reporting everything in CI important

A

memories are often interconnected so recalling little irrelevant info, it may cue more memories of the event

44
Q

what is mental reinstatement of original context in CI

A

where the interviewer tries to recreate the evironment and feelings of the event so the witness can unlock memories

45
Q

why is the reinstatement of original context of CI important

A

it can help the witness retrieve forgotten memories by having context and state cues

Psychology paper 1 (4 decks)

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