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psychology paper 1 > Social Influence > Flashcards

Social Influence Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three types of conformity in order of weakest to strongest?

A

1) Compliance
2)Internalisation
3)Identifcation

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2
Q

What is compliance?

A

The person changes their opinion in the public/around a group but privately they do not change their opinion. (weakest)

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3
Q

What is internalisation?

A

go along with a group because accept their views can lead to both public and private acceptance. (strongest)

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4
Q

What is identification?

A

Go along because they want to be liked by a group

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5
Q

What are the two explanations for conformity.

A

NSI and ISI

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6
Q

What is ISI?

A

Informational social influence which is when the view is accepted as it is most likely to be right

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7
Q

What is NSI?

A

Normative Social Influe when we want to be accepted by a crowd

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8
Q

What is the issue with compliance and internalisation?

A

It is hard to distinguish between the two as you do not know which one is taking place

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9
Q

Issue with Normative social influence?

A

It may not be detected as they do not recognise how others acting

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10
Q

Issue With informational social influence?

A

This can change depending on task type as for some there are clear physical criteria and for some there may not be so they won’t get validated.

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11
Q

Who did the Line study experiment and when?

A

Asch in 1956

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12
Q

Procedure for Asch Line experiment?

A

he used 123 US male undergraduates who sat around a table and had to call out which line they thought was the same length, on 12 of his tasks he had a obvious answer and 6 more obscure ones for a variable

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13
Q

What was the average conformity rate in Asch’s critical trials?

A

33%

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14
Q

what were the three variations of Aschs experiment?

A

Group size
Unamity of majority (disturbed with a right answer)
diffculty of the task

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15
Q

How did task diffuclty affect conformity?

A

If the line was more obscure and diffcult to see what line matched conformity rates were higher as they were more likely to believe the confederates before them were right.

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16
Q

How did group size affect conformity?

A

Asch discovered a magic number of 3 people which meant that confomrity increased most at this number than platoed till around 10 where it began to fall of

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17
Q

What was one main political issue that likely led to higher conformity? (USA)

A

People were scared of being accussed of communism/ being a communist so were less likely to give their own opinion due to the time the experiment was done.

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18
Q

How long was the Stanford prison experiment meant to last and how long did it last and why?

A

The Stanford Prison Experiment was meant to last for 12 days however because of concern for the mental stability and safety of the guards and prisoners inside the experiment was terminated in 6 days. 5 prisoners were released in two days

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19
Q

Who did the Stanford prison experiment where was it done?

A

Philip Zimbardo
It was done in Stanford Unoversity in the basemnet where he made a mock prison

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20
Q

What were the ethical issues with the Stanford prison experiment?

A

The prisoners mental safety was not aaccounted for lead to mental insanity for the most of them, they were duhumaised and called by numbers not their names, they guards became abussive and group punished leading to prisoners to become increasingly passive.

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21
Q

What did Zimbardo do wrong with his role in the experiment?

A

He was not just overseeing it but was also prison superintedent making him get attatched to the experiemtn which led him to convinving people to not want to leave.

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22
Q

How did Zimbardo assign his roles in his prison experiemnt?

A

He randomly assigned the prisoner and guard roles

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23
Q

What did zimbardo test people who wanted to partcipate in his study?

A

He tested everyone for mental sanity ebfore the expeiment and chose 24 and reserves incase people chose to leave.

24
Q

What was Milgrams study?

A

He studies how situation variables would affect the obedience rates.

25
Q

what 3 situation factis influenced obedience rates?

A

Proximity
Location
Power of uniform

26
Q

How does proximity affect obedience rates in Milgrams study?

A

He did different proximity experiments
one was location of the confederate overviewing he found out that the closer the confederate overviewing was the higher the obedience rate and if he was not in the same room obedience rates dropped.

he also did this with the confederate who was getting shocked if he was not in the same room the obedience rate was higher and if he was in the same room obeience rates were lower.

27
Q

How does location affect obedience rates in Milgrams study?

A

MIlgram did his obedience experiment in two different areas. One of them was in a lab which had higher conformity levels because people felt that it was more professional.

The next place he did it was in a run down office building and the conformity rates were lower as people didn’t think the experiment was proffesional so were less obedient.

28
Q

How does uniform affect the obedience rate?

A

Uniform affects the obedience rate because if the oerson is dressed in a lab coat and looks oroffesional in Milgrams experiemnt obedience rate was a lot higher compared to th person who was dressed in ordinary clothes.

29
Q

Bushman asking for money experiment different uniforms and percentages?

A

Police uniform - 72%
Business executive - 48%
Beggar - 52%

30
Q

How does Milgrams study have historical validity?

A

Ir has historical validity as past research and more research research shows similiar results in obedience.

31
Q

Why does Milgrams study have internal validity?

A

This is because there is a lack of realism and becuase some partcipants may have learnt the study and their knowledge can lead to different results.

32
Q

What is the agentic state?

A

The agentic state is when a person sees that their actions that they are carryin out are at ask for another person

33
Q

What factors can affect the agentic state?

A

legitimacy of authority
definition of situation
where its being done

34
Q

When is the agentic shift more likely to occur?

A

when a person feels like they have a reduced self control.

35
Q

Who came up with the authoritarian personality and the F-scale?

A

Adorno

36
Q

What did Adorno find out about people who tended to score higher on the F-scale?

A

people who grew up with an authoritarian parenting style, grew up on conditional love

37
Q

Is there a different between authoirtarian personality and obedient personality?

A

Yes there is as obedient personaliies tended to have said they had better relationships with their parents growing up

38
Q

How can education cause the authoritarian personality?

A

People who had a lower or worse education tended to be more likely to have the authoritarian personality.

39
Q

What is externality?

A

indivuals who tend to believe that thei behaviour is experienced by stuff out of their control

40
Q

What is internality?

A

Indiviualds who tend to believe that they are responsible for their behaviour and experience rather than external forces.

41
Q

What is locus of control?

A

Peoples beliefs differ about whether the outcomes of their actions are dependent on what they do

42
Q

What is social support?

A

The perception that an individual recieves support from others

43
Q

What does it mean to have a low locus of control?

A

You believe what happens is dowwn to fate and luck

44
Q

What did Asch discover about social support?

A

A person who recieves social support is less likely to go along with the majority. he saw conformity go fromm 33% to 5.5%

45
Q

What does it mean to have a high locus of control?

A

You believe that the events that happen are down to your own personal control

46
Q

How did social support from friends affect an individual?

A

If someone was socially supported by a friend they were more likely to resist to social pressure.

47
Q

Which group of people are having an increase in external locus of control?

A

younger people

48
Q

What 3 things affect minority influence and behaviour style

A

Consistency
Commitment
Flexebility

49
Q

How does consistency affcet minority influence?

A

If you are consistent and say the same stuff people are more likely to listen

50
Q

How does commitment affect minority influence?

A

If you stick with the cause and don’t give up people are likely to hear you out as you show belief in the cause

51
Q

how does flexibility affect minoirty influence?

A

If you are willing to be flexible and let change come over slowly than it is more likely to occur.

52
Q

Examples of minoirty influence?

A

Martin Luther King jr
Suffragettes

53
Q

What was Moscovicis experiement?

A

Blue slides that were of differenet shades with 4 participants and a minority of two confederates who constantly valled the blue slides green
- he found that 8% of the partcipants called the blue slides green

54
Q

What are the 5 stages of social change through minority influence?

A

1) Drawing attention to the issue
2) Cognitive conflict
3) Consistnecy of position
4) augmentation principle (suffer for their views)
5) Snowball effect

55
Q

How can majority influence affect social change?

A

Type of conformity, like people drinking more when at uni as it is seen to be the norm meaning people who may not have drunk as much before now drink more

psychology paper 1 (4 decks)

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