Social Influence Flashcards
Social Influence
Definition and Types
Attitudes and Behavior are inluenced by others
- structural
quality and quantity of social ties - funtional
e.g. emotional, instrumental or informational - normative
perception of others
Types of Social Influence and their impact on health
- Structural
more friends = better mental and physical health, less pain - Functional
support for (un-) healthy lifestyle choices - Normative
as guidance for the own behavior and through social comparison
Social Ties
Influence our (health) behavior, function as buffer
Categorized by levels of Closeness (primary and secondary)
Opposite = Social Isolation & Loneliness
4 Example mechanisms of social influence
- Social facilitation (implicit)
The presence of others influences or behavior - modeling (implicit)
- Impression Management (explicit)
- Norms (explicit)
Effect of Norms by Thomas Theorem
If norm is perceived as real, then consequences of normative behavior are perceived as real
Social Determinants of Health
Conditions ppl are born, grow and live in.
1. SES
2. Stress
3. Early Life
4. Social exclusion
5. work
6. (un) emploement
7. social support
8. Addiciton
9. Food
10. Transport
Interventions starting point
- Structural
Basic Income, Infrastructure, Education, Healthcare - Personal
Reserve capacity model (physical, psychological & social strength)
Reserve capacity model
Psychological & Social Resources = Reserve capacity => influencing
1. Experience (stress)
2. Emotions
3. Behavior
4. Mediates SES effects
5. Health
Examples: Hope, Optimism, Efficacy & Resilience
Equality or Equity
Equality = Everyone gets the same
Equity = Everyone gets what she/he needs
Levels of closeness
- Primary level
- secondary level
Impact of mechanisms of social influence on health
- Social facilitation –> risk-taking
- Model –> education
- Impression management –> negative health outcomes when far away from own self
- Norms –> depending on the groups we belong to
Stereotype threat
Fear of confirming a stereotype –> can lead to lower performance
The foundation of social exclusion and consequences
Ethnicity, religion, sexual preferences, and gender
Stress, drug abuse or anxiety
SES & Health
- Obesity (access to food & physical activity)
- Health care (access to health insurance)
- Living environment (criminality, pollution and advertisement)
Types of social support that mediate the effect of Poverty to Health
- Individual
- Relational (parental support, relationships)
- Institutional (education system)
What sorts of systematic support can lower the “SES impact”
- Childhood allowance
- Tax credits
- Income supplement
Exposure-Disease-Stress Model
Vulnerability for stressor
Use the reserve capacity model to describe the connections made by the model
- reserve capacity = social and psychological resources
- financially secure, social inclusion, parental support - Lead to better coping with stress = less sensitivity to terminations
- Lead to better behavior = e.g. better eating behavior
- Lead to better health = e.g. blood pressure
Stress-exposure framework
- Race/ethnicity
connects to - Neighbourhood Resources - Community stressors - structural factors
result in (or not) - Community Stress
has an influence on - coping ability - individual stressor - appraisal process
result in (or not) - Individual stress
which influences - Health
