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Manipulation own > Role Models > Flashcards

Role Models Flashcards

1
Q

Role Model

A

Comparison target
- mostly superior to the population
- wants to support specific attitudes/behaviors

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2
Q

Role Models as Behavioural Models

A
  1. show skills and behavior that is desired
  2. Observation and comparison lead to behavioral change
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3
Q

Role Models as possible self

A
  1. Show possible states of life
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4
Q

Role Model as Inspiration

A

Excite us for behavior

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5
Q

Principles of Role Models

A
  1. Relevance
  2. Attainability
  3. Positive or negative?
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6
Q

Relevance

A

Identification leads to influence
Age, gender, ethnicity, background

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7
Q

Attainability and what it leads to?

A

Yes = Goal setting, increases competence and self-efficacy
No = Discouragement, negative influence

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8
Q

Regulatory Focus

A
  1. Promotion focused
    - the eager pursuit of gains or success
    - high motivation and persistence on tasks that are framed in terms of promotion
  2. Prevention focused
    - avoidance of losses or failure
    - security, safety focus

Depends on stable (e.g. traits like = self-esteem) and situational factors (e.g. risk and reward)

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9
Q

Information sensitivity & regulatory focus

A

Sensitivity high for prefered regulatory focus

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10
Q

Obama effect

A

Role Model’s success buffer stereotype threats of a population

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11
Q

Social Mimicry

A

Influences our own behavior by observing others

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12
Q

Principles/Types of Social Comparison

A
  1. Self-evaluation
  2. Self-improvement
  3. Self-enhancement
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13
Q

Self-knowledge (related to social comparison)

A

To evaluate our:
1. skills, feelings, goals
Understanding which social norms we belong to

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14
Q

Obstacles to Self-knowledge

A
  1. often need to be self-protective or self-serving
  2. explicit & implicit processes just give us information partly
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15
Q

Social Comparison Theory

A
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16
Q

Self-evaluation

A

The need for accurate self-evaluation with others
- grading in class

17
Q

Self-improvement

A

Information to develop one’s self through others
- role models in sport

18
Q

Self-enhancement

A

Need to increase self-worth and positive self-image
- comparing with people doing worse than me

19
Q

Upward Comparison

A

Comparison with someone doing subjectively better
-Self-evaluation and self-improvement

20
Q

Downwards Comparison

A

Comparison with someone doing subjectively worse
- Self-enhancement

21
Q

When is which target for comparison chosen?

A

self-evaluation & self-improvement motive:

acquiring accurate evaluations of your abilities & opinions
-> slightly better off other
because these are the ones that will provide us with the most info about ourselves

Self-enhancement motive:

to boost your self-esteem
-> worse-off other
22
Q

Self-Evaluation Model

A
  1. Relevance
    - components of comparison target are relevant to us
  2. Closeness
    - primary or secondary group
23
Q

Consequences of Upward Social Comparison

A
  1. can be positive, lead to inspiration
  2. can be negative, leading to envy & jealousy

Attainability is important for the effects

24
Q

Consequences of Downward Comparison

A
  1. can be positive for the reduction of anxiety
  2. can be negative with high closeness and leads to fear of future self
25
Q

Contrast effects

A

Evaluating yourself away from the target and focusing on differences between you and the target
- dissimilarity testing

26
Q

Assimilation

A

Evaluating toward target and focusing on similarities between you and the target
- similarity testing

27
Q

Similarity

A

Similar:
could be future you –> identification

Dissimilar:
not future you –> contrast

Bc similar others are often closer to others they show more information about myself

28
Q

Identification Contrast Model

A
  1. Identification upwards = I also wanna do good when people doing good
  2. Identification downwards = I feel anxious when others around do worse than me
  3. Contrast upwards = I feel frustrated when others do better than me
  4. Contrast downwards = I feel better when I see people doing worse than me
29
Q

Selective Accessibility Model

A
  1. Assimilation or Contrast hypothesis
  2. Looking for information to support our hypothesis
  3. Confirm it
30
Q

Self-evaluation Maintenance Model (SEM)

A

Relevance in closeness influences how the behavior of someone else is affecting us

E.g. A sibling (closeness) performs better in a sport we also play (relevance) our self-evaluation will be low

31
Q

Social-Discrepancy Theory

A

The discrepancies between your expectations and your actual self

  1. Ideal self (your ideal image) can lead to
    - unhappiness, depression
  2. Ought self (who you think others want you to be) can lead to
    - anxiety, fear
32
Q

Social Comparison & Social Media

A

Manipulation own (6 decks)

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